Mamm Practical 2 - All ID

Lepus townsendii

• 28 teeth

• Tail white

• Ears rimmed in white but tipped in black

Lepus californicus

• Black stripe down back, black rump patch, & tail is black dorsally

• Black ear tips

Lepus americanus

• Soles of the feet densely furred, w/ stiff hairs on the hind feet

Sylvilagus floridanus

• Short ears (compared to desert)

Sylvilagus nuttallii

• Ears short and rounded

• Black tips & long hairs on their inner surfaces of ear

Sylvilagus audubonii

• Paler w/ longer ears than cottontail

Sylvilagus aquaticus

• Very big

• Smaller ears (than cottontail)

• Orange hindlegs

Sylvilagus palustris

• Small ears w/ naked/visible claws

Ochotona princeps

• 26 teeth

• Slightly rounded skull w/ flat, broad interorbital region

• Short ears, short limbs, & no visible tail

Ochotona collaris

• White fur around neck (collar)

Lepus vs sylvilagus skull morphology

Interparietal bone of the skull fused in Lepus

Unfused in Sylvilagus

Neovison vison

• Cheek teeth ~same length as auditory bulla 

• 36 teeth

• Dumbbell shaped molars perpendicular to jaw

Taxidea taxus

• Braincase + back upper molars triangle shaped

Lontra canadensis

• 36-38 teeth 

• Hard palate extends beyond molars

Mephitis mephitis 

• Parallel stripes 

• Sloped snout & large mastoid process

• Rounded skull 

• Jaw notch 

• 34 teeth 

Spilogale putorius

• Flat/long skull 

• Flatter snout & small mastoid process

• Inverted-ish lower jaw (bends inwards) 

• Spotted stripes 

• 34 teeth 

Mustela frenata

• Dumbbell shaped molars perpendicular to jaw 

• Hard palate extends past molars 

• Last portion of tail is black

• 34 teeth 

Mustela nivalis

• 34 teeth 

• Dumbbell shaped molars perpendicular to jaw 

• Hard palate extends past molars

• Smaller + white belly 

Urocyon cinereoargenteus

• U shaped ridges at back of skull 

• 42 teeth

Vulpes vulpes 

• V shape at back of skull 

• 42 teeth 

Canis latrans

• 42 teeth 

• Prominent sagittal crest

Lynx rufus

• 28 teeth

Procyon lotor

• 40 teeth

Arctictis binturong

Bearcat

Canis lupus

Wolf

Ursus americanus

• 42 teeth

Puma concolor

Cougar

Myotis lucifugus

• No visible keel on calcar - ½ size of big brown

• Lacks a sagittal crest, shortened rostrum, 38 teeth, upslope profile

• Braincase is flattened & subcircular

Myotis sodalis

• Visible/clear keel

• Roundish

• Endangered

Lasionycteris noctivagans

• Silver coloration only on back

Eptesicus fuscus

• Bald uropatagium

• Small tragus & ears compared to body size

• Forearm lengths between 43 and 49 mm

• Larger than myotis

• Sharp teeth

• Reddish/copper coloration

Lasiurus borealis

• White spots on shoulder

• Red color

• Deep/wide U shape at front of skull

• 32 teeth

• Tiny cone shaped upper premolar at the inner junction of the upper canine & the 2nd premolar

Lasiurus cinereus

• Fully haired uropatagium

• Yellow throat patch

• Silver on whole body

• Large

Nycticeius humeralis

• Short, round/curved tragus w/ widely spaced ears

• Non-keeled calcar

• Broad skull - esp anteriorly

• 30 teeth

Myotis grisescens

• Solid taupe color & underside - uni-colored dorsal fur

• Wing membrane connects to the foot at the ankle

Myotis septentrionalis 

• Biggest eared myotis w/ biggest name

• Big ear but small size

• Longer tails & broader wings

Myotis leibii

• Teeny tiny w/ reddish tint + black hair underneath - black face mask

• Strongly keeled calcar

• Skulls are relatively flat & short - lack prominent myotis forehead

• “Free” because hard to catch (“leibii” = free)

Eumops perotis

• Massive w/ dog like face

• Free-tailed bat w/ relatively large feet

• 30 teeth

Corynorhinus townsendii

• Dark roots w/ pinkish coloration

• 2 large, fleshy glands on either side of the muzzle

• Short snout w/ elongated nostril slits

• Lighter dorsal coat

Corynorhinus rafinesquii

• Frosted tips

• Additional cusp is present on the upper incisor

• Consistent ventral fur color

Tadarida brasiliensis

• Free feet & tail

• Uropatagium connects at ankle

• 32 teeth

Desmodus rotundus

• Round

• No visible tail

• Large braincase - rostrum is reduced - large, sharp incisors & canines

• Reduced uropatagium

Antrozous pallidus

• Light/wooly color

• Big ears - long, pointed tragus - ½ as long as the ear itself

• High brain case w/ rostrum that is larger than ½ skull length

• 28 teeth

Pipistrellus/Perimyotis subflavus

• Dark gray (base) → yellowish brown (mid) → dark brown (tip)

• Pink forearms w/ black wing membranes

• Small w/ pale yellowish coloration

• Small ears w/ rounded tragus tip

Mormoops megalophylla

• Leaf-like appendages protrude from the chin

• Tail does not extend all the way down

• Large, rounded ears - join across the forehead

Myrmecophaga tridactyla

• Long, rounded skull lacking teeth

Dasypus novemcintus

• Triangular, pointed skull

• Lacks canines and incisors

• Postcanines are peg-like and each has a single root

Choloepus didactylus

• Lack tympanic bullae & a complete jugal

• Pre-nasal bone

Manis tricupis

• Lack teeth & zygomatic arches

• Extremely reduced mandible

• Each dentary has a single, dorsal, bony tooth-like protrusion