Biology

Receptors

Group of specialized cells

(detect change in environment and stimulate electrical impulse in response)

Sense organ

Group of receptor cells

Synapse

In-between 2 neuron (axon terminal and dendrites)

Antagonistic Muscles

A pair of muscles that work at the same time, one contract while the other relax

Pancreas

Produce amylase, lipase, and protease

Vascular Bundle

Mainly transport water

Glucose is made in

Chloroplast

Large Intestine

reabsorption of water and nutrients

Small Intestine

Where most water is absorbed

Lignin

• in xylem

• for rigidity, for plant to stand tall

Translocation

The movement of amino acids and sucrose from the source to the sink in phloem

Pathway is taken by blood in a fish

heart → gills → body → heart

Cholera in body

Secrete chloride ions from the blood into the lumen of the small intestine

Renal vein

high concentration in Carbon dioxide

Liver

convert amino acid to urea

Mitosis

• diploid

• duplicate, exactly the same as each other so if one sick all sick

Discontinuous Variation

caused by genes only

Mitochondria

• aerobic respiration

• release energy

Villus

transport what away?

Mutation

Source of genetic variation

Population

A group of organisms of one species living in the same area at the same time

Genetic Modification

Nucleus

Increase blood glucose concentration

Adrenaline and glucagon hormone

Insulin and Glucagon

Produce in Pancreas

Change in liver and muscle cell

Endocrine Glands

Adrenal, Ovaries, Testes

Emulsification in Gall bladder

When bile breaks down of fat into smaller pieces to increase surface area

Deamination

Remove Amino Acid and turn it into urea

Protein digestion starts

Stomach (high acidity)

Digestion of starch

At slivery glands using saliva as lubricant

Small Intestine

Duodenum (neutralize pH), jejunum , Ileum

Lymph moving in lymph vessel

• muscle contract

• valve preven blockflow

Why need to complete antibiotic treatment

• ensure all bacteria is killed

• prevent bacteria from becoming resistant

if not some of B not killed

these B survive, become resistant and reproduce

more B

X- ray

cause mutation on bacteria = more resistant to B

Oestrogen

repair and create uterus lining

Progesterone

hold and maintain lining

FSH + LH

start mensural cycle

release egg