chapter 9: personality disorders

personality

patterns of thinking, emotions, and behavior that tend to be enduring

personality trait

a facet of personality which people differ from one another

five-factor model

everyone’s personality is organized along five broad traits

1. negative emotionality

2. extraversion

3. openness to experience

4. agreeableness

5. conscientiousness

personality disorder

chronic pattern of maladaptive cognition, emotion, and behavior that begins by adolescence

paranoid personality disorder

pervasive pattern of mistrust and suspicousness of others

borderline personality disorder

rapidly shifting and unstable mood

schizoid personality disorder

detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotions

schizotypal personality disorder

inappropriate emotion and social behavior as well as unusual cognitions and disorganized speech

antisocial personality disorder

pervasive pattern of criminal, callous, and ruthless behavior

conduct disorder

chronic disregard for the rights of others

dialectical behavior therapy

aimed at teaching problem-solving, interpersonal, and managing negative emotion skills

transference-focused therapy

uses the relationship between patient and therapist to help patients develop a healthier understanding of their relationships

mentalization-based treatment

psychodynamic treatment for borderline personality disorder based on attachment

histrionic personality disorder

rapidly shifting emotions and unstable relationships; people also behave in ways to draw attention to themselves

narcissistic personality disorder

grandiose thoughts and feelings of one’s own worth

avoidant personality disorder

pervasive anxiety, sense of inadequacy, and fear of being criticized that leads to the avoidance of most social interactions

dependent personality disorder

anxious about interpersonal interactions, but anxiety stems from the need to be cared for by others

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

characterized by emotional constriction, extreme perfectionism, and anxiety from disruption in one’s routine

negative affectivity

dimension of personality characterized by negative mood states

detachment

inability to connect with others

antagonism

hostility toward others

disinhibition

lack of restraint