Anatomy Grand Slam

Olfactory Nerve

Cranial nerve 1

*purely sensory

*sense of smell

Optic Nerve

Cranial Nerve II

*purely sensory

*sense of sight

Oculomotor Nerve

Cranial Nerve III

*purely motor

*stimulates the ciliary smooth muscle - constrict pupil and bend lens (parasympathetic funcion

*moves eyeyball by controlling 4 eye skeletal muscles: medial rectus, inferior rectus, superior rectus, and inferior oblique

*attaches to the brainstem

*tested to check for brainstem activity (pupils fixed and dilated means that it is not functioning properly)

Trochlear Nerve

Cranial Nerve IV

*moves eyeball by controlling the superior oblique skeletal muscle

Trigeminal Nerve

*Cranial Nerve V

*responsible for sense of feeling on the face (three branches - forehead, upper jaw, and lower jaw)

Abducens Nerve

Cranial Nerve VI

*purely motor

*moves eyeball (abducts it) by controlling the lateral rectus eye muscle

Facial Nerve

Cranial nerve VII

*Sensory - sense of taste for the front of the tongue. *Somatic Movement of the facial expression skeletal muscles

*parasympathetic stimulation of salivary and lacrimal glands.

vestibulocochlear nerve

cranial nerve VIII

*purely sensory

*carries balance information and hearing to the temporal lobe for processing

glossopharyngeal nerve ("tongue and pharynx")

Cranial nerve IX.

*Sense of taste for the back of the tongue. *Somatic movement of the skeletal muscles for swallowing

*Parasympathetic stimulation of the parotid salivary glands.

*carries baroreptor information from the carotid sinuses

Vagus nerve ("wanderer")

Cranial nerve X.

*Sensory information from the internal organs -- particularly notable for connecting GI activity with the brainstem, and for carrying baroreceptor information from the heart to the brainstem.

*Parasympathetic motor for internal (visceral) organs - slows heart, dilates bronchi, stimulates GI organs, etc.

accessory nerve

Cranial Nerve XI

*purely somatic motor to move trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

hypoglossal ("under tongue")

Cranial Nerve XII

*purely somatic motor

*controls tongue skeletal muscles

vertebral body

spinous process

transverse processes

superior articular facets

lumbar inferior articular process

cervical articular facets

C1

(atlas) has no body and no spinous processes, holds up head. Articulates around the dens (C2)

C2

(axis) has a dens/odontoid process projecting superiorly from the body. allows head to rotate.

Thoracic

T1-12

Lumbar

L1-L5

sacrum

posterior wall of the pelvis, S1-S5 fused together

coccyx

tailbone, 3-4 fused sections

cervical vertebrae

C1-C7

Transverse foramina

vertebral canal

Intervertebral foramen

Hole between 2 vertebrae

intervertebral discs

separate and cushion the vertebrae

Trapezius

O: Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spines of thoracic vertebrae

I: Spine and acromion process of scapula, part of clavicle

N: Accessory nerve (XI)

Fx: Fixes, elevates, rotates scapula; extends head

Latissimus Dorsi

O: Spines of T7-Sacrum, iliac crest, 2 ribs

I: Intertubercular sulcus of humerus

N: Thoracodorsal nerve

Fx: Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm

Levator Scapulae

O: Transverse processes of C1-C4

I: Medial border of scapula above the root of the spine

N: Dorsal Scapular nerve

Fx: Fixes and elevates the scapula; flexes the neck laterally

Rhomboid Minor

O: Spine of T1

I: Medial border of scapula

N: Dorsal Scapular nerve

Fx: Fix, retract, and rotate scapula

Rhomboid Major

O: Spines of T2-T5

I: Medial border of scapula

N: Dosal Scapular nerve

Fx: Fix, retract, and rotate scapula

Splenius Cervicis

O: Spines of T1-T6

I: Transverse processes of C1-C4

N: Middle and lower cervical nerves

Fx: Laterally flexes, rotates, and extends the head and neck

Splenius Capitis

O: Lower part of ligamentum nuchae

I: Lateral aspect of the mastoid process and lateral part of the superior nuchal line of the skull

N: Middle and lower cervical nerves

Fx: Laterally flexes, rotates, and extends the head and neck

Illiocostalis

O: Common origin

I: Lower 6 ribs, upper 6 ribs, transverse process of the lower cervical vertebrae

N: Spinal nerves

Fx: Extends and laterally flexes the spine

*Part of Erector Spinae

Longissimus

O: Common origin

I: Transverse processes of thoracic, lumbar, and cervical vertebrae to the mastoid process of the skull

N: Spinal nerves

Fx: Extend and laterally flex the spine; extent and rotates the head

*Part of Erector Spinae

Spinalis

O: Common origin

I: Spines of lumbar vertebrae to spines of upper thoracic vertebrae between T2 and L2 (occasionally up to cervical vertebrae)

N: Spinal nerves

Fx: Extends the vertebral column

*Part of Erector Spinae

Semispinalis

O: Transverse processes of C2-T12

I: Spines of superior vertebrae

N: Spinal nerves

Fx: Rotates and extends the vertebral column of the trunk

Semispinalis Capitis

O: Transverse processes of T1-T6

I: Medial part of the occipital bone between the superior and inferior nuchal lines

N: Spinal nerves

Fx: Rotates and extends the head and neck

Multifidus

O: Vertebral arches from C2-S4

I: Spines along the entire vertebral column from C2-S4

N: Spinal nerves

Fx: Laterally flexes, rotates, and extends the vertebral column

List the five types of vertebrae and indicate the number of vertebrae of each type

7 Cervical Vertebrae

12 Thoracic Vertebrae

5 Lumbar Vertebrae

5 Sacral Vertebrae

3-4 Coccyx Bones fused together

Specify the actions and innervation of the intrinsic back musculature

Intrinsic back muscles move the vertebral column and provide support. Innervated by the posterior rami of spinal nerves.

Explain the developmental basis of the medullary cone occurring at the L1 vertebral and its effect on the relationship between the spinal cord level of origin and location of vertebral canal exit for the lower lumbar and sacral spinal nerves

The vertebral column grows much faster than does the spinal cord. The result is a longer vertebrae than spinal cord. The conus medularis (end of spinal cord) is around L1-L2. The spinal nerves below will run down in the cauda equina and leave at their respective level.

Where does C1 articulate with the skull at?

Each lateral side articulates with the occipital condyle of the skull. Known as the 'atlanto-occipital' joint. This allows the head to nod up and down on the vertebral column.

What separates a cervicle vertebrae from other types?

Transverse foramen, which the vertebral artery and the vertebral plexus of veins will run through.

What separates a thoracic vertebrae from other types?

Demifacets and costal facets

What separates a lumbar vertebrae from other types?

Extra processes, mammillary body, large vertebral body

What is a zygapophyseal joint?

Joint formed by the inferior articulating process emanating from the level above a superior articulating process emanating from the level below.

Pars Interarticularis

The plate of bone that intervenes between the superior and inferior articular processes.

What are the extrinsic muscles of the back?

Trapezius, latissimus dorsi, Levator scapulae, Rhomboid muscle group.

What are the intrinsic muscles of the back?

Erector spinae muscle group: Iliocostalis, Longissimus, and Spinalis.

What are the names of the 3 transversospinalis muscles

Semispinalis Capitis, Splenius Capitis, and Splenius Cervicis. Splenius has a capitis and a cervicis component.

Pedicle

Lamina

Superior articular process

Inferior articular facet

Uncinate process

Raised ring around cervical vertebral body

Costal demifacets

Mammillary process

Denticulate ligaments

Filum terminale

C1 Dermatome

Top of skull

C2 Dermatome

Temple, forehead, occiput

C3 Dermatome

Neck, posterior cheek, temporal area, under mandible

Paresthesia: Cheek, side of neck

C4 Dermatome

Shoulder, clavicle area, upper scapular area

Paresthesia: Horizontal band along clavicle and upper scapula

C5 Dermatome

Lateral side of elbow

Deltoid, anterior whole arm to base of thumb

C6 Dermatome

Anterior arm, radial side of hand to thumb and index finger

Paresthesia: thumb and index finger

C7 Dermatome

medial arm and forearm to middle finger

Paresthesia: index and middle finger

C8 Dermatome

Ring and pinky, ulnar side of forearm, and medial arm

Paresthesia: Little finger, ulnar side of ring finger

T1 Dermatome

Medial side of forearm/elbow

T2 Dermatome

Medial upper arm (pit), sub clavicle area

T4 Dermatome

Level of nipple line

T10 Dermatome

Level of belly button

L1 Dermatome

Upper groin and lower back

Inguinal ligament area

L2 Dermatome

Lower groin, anterior thigh and knees, upper buttocks

Paresthesia: anterior thigh

L3 Dermatome

Sacral area, knees, medial thigh from groin to knee

Above the knee

L4 Dermatome

Medial lower leg anterior and posterior

Check above inner ankle

L5 Dermatome

Anterior tibial region, toes

Shoelace area

S1 Dermatome

Lateral foot, plantar aspect of foot, gastroc/soleus area

Paresthesia: lateral foot and toes and plantar aspect of foot

S2 Dermatome

Posterior thigh

Back of knee

S3 Dermatome

Buttock region

S4 Dermatome

Rectum/anal area, lower sacrum

Paresthesia: saddle area

C1, 2 Myotome

head flexion/extension

C3 Myotome

head Lateral Neck Flexion

C4 Myotome

Shoulder Elevation Depression

C3,4,5 Myotome

Keeps the diaphragm alive

C5 Myotome

shoulder abduction

C6 Myotome

elbow flexion, wrist extension

C7 Myotome

elbow extension, wrist flexion

C8 Myotome

Thumbs up and UD, finger/wrist flexion

T1 Myotome

abduction/adduction of fingers

L2 Myotome

Hip flexion

L3 Myotome

Hip abduction

L4 Myotome

knee extension

L5 Myotome

Dorsiflexion and great toe extension

S1 Myotome

Plantar flexion

S2 Myotome

Knee flexion

Sternum