fona Civilisation society and heatlh

Civilisation deg

= Complex, urban development, domination of natural environment, social classes, specialisation

Major Exemple:

• Sumer (Mesopotamia)

• Egypt

• Indus Valley

• Ancient China

• Ancient Peru

Health in Mesopotamian

— Ashipu: More of a sorcerer, could diagnose and treat referring to gods

• Incantations and rituals

• Amulets and talismans

• Astrology

• Healing water

— Asu: A medical practicioner

• Herbal and mineral remedies

• Animals products

• Surgical practices

• Diet and fasting

• Massage and physical therapy

• Bandaging

Egypt

— 3000 years BCE

— conquered by Alexander the Great

— medical models close to ours: heart = center of active life

— Medical practice:

• Broken bones → bandaging/herbal poultice

• Insect bites → Incantation + surgery

• Pregnancy test → urinate on seed

• Lump/Tumor → X

China (Ancient China)

— Medical Health: 3 Areas:

• Taroism:

→ Humility

→ Harmony

→ Openness

• Qijong:

→ Jung (essence)

→ qi (life force)

→ shen (mind spirit)

→ Maintain (postures, movement, breathing and méditation)

• Tai chi:

→ mainly in the mind, psychological, and physical activity

Ayurveda (India)

→ Similarities concept of Qi

→ 5 elements: air, water, fire, earth and space

→ energy: chakra (center) Nadis (pathways)

Ancien Greece

— Democracy = « demos » and « kratos » = people and power

— Power in Athens:

• ONLY adult male citizens with military service completed

• Citizenship = born + both parents in Athens

• NO women, slaves, etc

• ≈ 10% of the population

— Key expressions: (pense pas avoir besoin)

• Paideia = education and socialisation of young Greek males

• Arete: Excellence of any kind

• Kalos Kagathos: The beautiful and good

• Agoge = Rigid military system in Sparta

Women Participation in Ancient Greece

— Not allowed to compete as athletes

— Old Elean laws were used to exclused women ( = penalty of death)

— The Heraia = Foot races for girls

Hippocrates in ancient Greece

— IV century before christ

— view as « Father of the Modern Medicine)

— 4 Humours

• Blood

• Black Bile

• Yellow Bile

• Phlegm

— Seperated medecine from religion, clinical observation

— Hippocratic Corpus

— The Hippocratic Oath → Do not Harm

Ancient Rome

Pas compris l’intro

— Roman medecine:

• Methodism

• Treatment dietary, pharmacological, surgical, massage/exercise, cold bathing

• Philosophy and medecine

• mind and body = connected

Stoicism

— Focus on Rationality and observation

— The role of nature healing

— Determinism

— Mind Body connection and control

— Galen

Galien (philosopher stoic)

— II s AJ

— Prestigious physician surgeon

— interested in type of pain

— Galenic Corpus: follow the 4 humours

Vocabulary pas vrm besoin

Throbbing pain = comes and goes rhythmically

Stabbing pain= strong and sudden

shooting pain = travels fast along part of your body

gnawing pain = feel like its eating you

Roman public health, pioneers public health

— Aqueducts, clean water

— Disease control

— public baths and toilets

— medical Health

— Physical training (military)

Middle Age (500 AJ)

— Fall of Rome empire

• Barbarian invasions

• Corruption

• Money (military)

• Rise of Christianity (peace, god > emperor, division)

— Darik Âges ?

Dark Ages in Europe

— Medical source from greeks and romans

— Religious health / Prayers > cure

— Black Death: 50% of population

— Poor sanatary

— 4 humours

Golden Age in Middle East

— Dvlpmnt in Art, Philosophy, Science, etc

— Health science by Muhummad Al-Rhazi:

• Influenced by Hippocrates, Galen, and others

• Diet, Hygiene, Anatomy, surgery, etc

• medical equipment

— and Ibn Sina

• Holistic approaches to health

• a bit same as Muhummad Al Rhazi

The European Renaissance

— John Locke: Philosopher and physician

— Leonardo Da Vinci: dissections and anatomy

— Giovanni Borelli: Biomechanics (muscle fatigue, pain

Industrial revolution (same chap as renaissance)

— Law in Factories for women and children:

• Hobhouse Act

• Graham Act

• Ten-Hour act

• Education Act