Cambridge IELTS 10: Boost Vocabulary

Neglect (v) /nɪɡlˈɛkt/

bỏ qua, bỏ rơi; từ bỏ. Syn: ignore, abandon. Ex: Although many have been neglected, recent restoration has returned them to their former glory.

Restoration (n) /ɹˌɛstəɹˈe‍ɪʃən/

sự phục hồi/khôi phục. Syn: repair, renewal. Ex: Although many have been neglected, recent restoration has returned them to their former glory.

Former (adj) /fˈɔːmə/

trước đây. Syn: ex, previous, past. Ex: Although many have been neglected, recent restoration has returned them to their former glory.

Glory (adj) /ɡlˈɔːɹi/

khi vật/điều gì đó đẹp và ấn tượng sự xuất hiện; bề ngoài. Syn: —. Ex: Although many have been neglected, recent restoration has returned them to their former glory.

Spectacular (n/v) /spɛktˈakjʊlə/

ngoạn mục. Syn: fantastic, stunning, amazing, impressive, fabulous. Ex: Richard Cox travelled to north- western India to document these spectacular monuments from a bygone era.

Bygone (n/v) /bˈa‍ɪɡɒn/

quá khứ; trước đây, trước đây, trước đó. Syn: past, former, previous. Ex: Richard Cox travelled to north- western India to document these spectacular monuments from a bygone era.

Inhabitant (n) /ɪnhˈabɪtənt/

cư dân; người sinh sống. Syn: citizen, resident. Ex: During the sixth and seventh centuries, the inhabitants of the modern-day states of Gujarat and Rajasthan in North-western India developed a method of gaining access to clean, fresh groundwater during the dry season for drinking, bathing, watering animals and irrigation.

Monument (n) /mˈɒnjuːmənt/

tòa nhà; xây dựng, statue, hoặc khác lớn cấu trúc built remind người quan trọng sự kiện hoặc nổi tiếng người. Syn: —. Ex: Richard Cox travelled to north- western India to document these spectacular monuments from a bygone era.

Irrigate (v) /ˈɪɹɪɡˌe‍ɪt/

cung cấp đất hoặc cây trồng với nước. Syn: —. Ex: During the sixth and seventh centuries, the inhabitants of the modern-day states of Gujarat and Rajasthan in North-western India developed a method of gaining access to clean, fresh groundwater during the dry season for drinking, bathing, watering animals and irrigation.

Utilitarian (n) /jˌuːtɪlɪtˈe‍əɹi‍ən/

hữu ích, thực tế, hiệu quả. Syn: useful, practical, effective. Ex: However, the significance of this invention - the stepwell - goes beyond its utilitarian application.

Unique (adj) /juːnˈiːk/

độc đáo; duy nhất. Syn: sole, only one of its kind, distinctive. Ex: Unique to the region, stepwells are often architecturally complex and vary widely in size and shape.

Heyday (n/v) /hˈe‍ɪde‍ɪ/

peak thành công, glory ngày. Syn: peak of your success, glory days. Ex: During their heyday, they were places of gathering, of leisure, of relaxation and of worship for villagers of all but the lowest castes.

prime (n) /pɹˈa‍ɪm/

thời gian khi ai đó hoặc vật/điều gì đó hầu hết phổ biến, thành công, hoặc mạnh mẽ. Syn: —. Ex: The passage uses "prime" in its original context.

Caste (n/v) /kˈast/

xã hội lớp; nhóm india. Syn: —. Ex: During their heyday, they were places of gathering, of leisure, of relaxation and of worship for villagers of all but the lowest castes.

Position (n) /pəzˈɪʃən/

vị trí. Syn: locate, situate, place. Ex: Some were located in or near villages as public spaces for the community; others were positioned beside roads as resting places for travellers.

Comprise (n/v) /kəmpɹˈa‍ɪz/

bao gồm. Syn: include, contain, consist of. Ex: As their name suggests, stepwells comprise a series of stone steps descending from ground level to the water source (normally an underground aquifer) as it recedes following the rains.

Descend (v) /dɪsˈɛnd/

đi xuống, di chuyển xuống, tumble xuống. Syn: go down, move down, tumble down. Ex: As their name suggests, stepwells comprise a series of stone steps descending from ground level to the water source (normally an underground aquifer) as it recedes following the rains.

Negotiate (n/v) /nɪɡˈə‍ʊʃɪˌe‍ɪt/

consult, discuss. Syn: consult, discuss. Ex: When the water level was high, the user needed only to descend a few steps to reach it; when it was low, several levels would have to be negotiated.

Crater (n) /kɹˈe‍ɪtə/

lỗ. Syn: —. Ex: Some wells are vast, open craters with hundreds of steps paving each sloping side, often in tiers.

Tier (n) /tˈi‍ə/

một trong một vài mức hoặc lớp tăng; dâng lên lên một trên khác. Syn: —. Ex: Some wells are vast, open craters with hundreds of steps paving each sloping side, often in tiers.

Elaborate (n/v) /ɪlˈabəɹˌe‍ɪt/

intricate, phức tạp, phức tạp. Syn: intricate, complicated, complex. Ex: Others are more elaborate, with long stepped passages leading to the water via several storeys built from stone and supported by pillars, they also included pavilions that sheltered visitors from the relentless heat.

Pillar (n/v) /pˈɪlə/

tháp sức mạnh cao upright tròn post được sử dụng ủng hộ; hỗ trợ mái hoặc cầu. Syn: —. Ex: Others are more elaborate, with long stepped passages leading to the water via several storeys built from stone and supported by pillars, they also included pavilions that sheltered visitors from the relentless heat.

Pavilion (n/v) /pɐvˈɪli‍ən/

exhibition khu vực, spectator khu vực. Syn: exhibition area, spectator area. Ex: Others are more elaborate, with long stepped passages leading to the water via several storeys built from stone and supported by pillars, they also included pavilions that sheltered visitors from the relentless heat.

Shelter (n) /ʃˈɛltə/

bảo vệ. Syn: —. Ex: Others are more elaborate, with long stepped passages leading to the water via several storeys built from stone and supported by pillars, they also included pavilions that sheltered visitors from the relentless heat.

Intricate (n/v) /ˈɪntɹɪkət/

phức tạp, phức tạp, elaborate. Syn: complex, complicated, elaborate. Ex: But perhaps the most impressive features are the intricate decorative sculptures that embellish many stepwells, showing activities from fighting and dancing to everyday acts such as women combing their hair and churning butter.

Relentless (adj) /ɹɪlˈɛntləs/

không ngừng; vô tận, dai dẳng. Syn: Endless, persistent. Ex: Others are more elaborate, with long stepped passages leading to the water via several storeys built from stone and supported by pillars, they also included pavilions that sheltered visitors from the relentless heat.

Sculpture (n) /skˈʌlpt‍ʃə/

statue. Syn: —. Ex: But perhaps the most impressive features are the intricate decorative sculptures that embellish many stepwells, showing activities from fighting and dancing to everyday acts such as women combing their hair and churning butter.

Embellish (n/v) /ɛmbˈɛlɪʃ/

decorate, beautify, làm; tạo ra fancy. Syn: decorate, beautify, make fancy. Ex: But perhaps the most impressive features are the intricate decorative sculptures that embellish many stepwells, showing activities from fighting and dancing to everyday acts such as women combing their hair and churning butter.

Derelict (n/v) /dˈɛɹɪlˌɪkt/

neglected, bỏ rơi; từ bỏ. Syn: neglected, abandoned. Ex: Down the centuries, thousands of wells were constructed throughout northwestern India, but the majority have now fallen into disuse; many are derelict and dry, as groundwater has been diverted for industrial use and the wells no longer reach the water table.

Divert (n/v) /da‍ɪvˈɜːt/

reroute, quay; biến đổi ra xa. Syn: reroute, turn away. Ex: Down the centuries, thousands of wells were constructed throughout northwestern India, but the majority have now fallen into disuse; many are derelict and dry, as groundwater has been diverted for industrial use and the wells no longer reach the water table.

Undergo (v) /ˌʌndəɡˈə‍ʊ/

trải qua. Syn: experience, face. Ex: However, some important sites in Gujarat have recently undergone major restoration, and the state government announced in June last year that it plans to restore the stepwells throughout the state.

Finest (n/v) /fˈa‍ɪnəst/

tốt nhất, hầu hết xuất sắc. Syn: best, most excellent. Ex: In Patan, the state's ancient capital, the stepwell of Rani Ki Vav (Queen's Stepwell) is perhaps the finest current example.

Pristine (n/v) /pɹɪstˈiːn/

thích mới, untouched, unspoiled. Syn: like new, untouched, unspoiled. Ex: But the Archaeological Survey of India began restoring it in the 1960s, and today it's in pristine condition .

Depict (v) /dɪpˈɪkt/

miêu tả. Syn: show, represent, describe, illustrate. Ex: At 65 metres long, 20 metres wide and 27 metres deep, Rani Ki Vav features 500 distinct sculptures carved into niches throughout the monument, depicting gods such as Vishnu and Parvati in various incarnations.

Incarnation (n) /ɪnkɑːnˈe‍ɪʃən/

trạng thái sống hình thành cụ thể; đặc biệt người hoặc động vật theo một số tôn giáo, người một vài khác nhau incarnations. Syn: the state of living in the form of a particular person or animal. According to some religions, people have several different incarnations. Ex: At 65 metres long, 20 metres wide and 27 metres deep, Rani Ki Vav features 500 distinct sculptures carved into niches throughout the monument, depicting gods such as Vishnu and Parvati in various incarnations.

Devastating (n/v) /dˈɛvəstˌe‍ɪtɪŋ/

có hại, gây hại, ruinous. Syn: harmful, damaging, ruinous. Ex: Incredibly, in January 2001, this ancient structure survived a devastating earthquake that measured 7.6 on the Richter scale.

Earthquake (n) /ˈɜːθkwe‍ɪk/

đột ngột shaking earth's bề mặt thường nguyên nhân; gây ra nhiều thiệt hại. Syn: —. Ex: Incredibly, in January 2001, this ancient structure survived a devastating earthquake that measured 7.6 on the Richter scale.

Honour (n/v) /ˈɒnə/

tôn trọng, ngưỡng mộ. Syn: respect, admire. Ex: Another example is the Surya Kund in Modhera, northern Gujarat, next to the Sun Temple, built by King Bhima I in 1026 to honour the sun god Surya.

Commissioned (adj) /kəmˈɪʃənd/

đặc biệt được làm, phong tục built. Syn: specially made, custom- built. Ex: At 46 metres deep, 20 metres wide and 40 metres long, the intricately carved monument is one of 21 baoris commissioned in the Bundi area by Nathavatji.

Ruined (adj) /ɹˈuːɪnd/

phá hủy. Syn: broke, destroyed. Ex: In the old ruined town of Abhaneri, about 95 kilometres east of Jaipur, is Chand Baori, one of India's oldest and deepest wells; aesthetically, it's perhaps one of the most dramatic.

Dramatic (adj) /dɹəmˈatɪk/

spectacular, striking, đáng chú ý, phi thường. Syn: spectacular, striking, remarkable, extraordinary. Ex: In the old ruined town of Abhaneri, about 95 kilometres east of Jaipur, is Chand Baori, one of India's oldest and deepest wells; aesthetically, it's perhaps one of the most dramatic.

Striking (n/v) /stɹˈa‍ɪkɪŋ/

good-looking, hấp dẫn. Syn: good-looking, attractive. Ex: Built in around 850 AD next to the temple of Harshat Mata, the baori comprises hundreds of zigzagging steps that run along three of its sides, steeply descending 11 storeys, resulting in a striking geometric pattern when seen from afar.

Ornate (n/v) /ɔːnˈe‍ɪt/

được bao phủ với nhiều decoration. Syn: —. Ex: On the fourth side, covered verandas supported by ornate pillars overlook the steps.

Preserve (v) /pɹɪzˈɜːv/

bảo tồn; gìn giữ. Syn: protect, save. Ex: Today, following years of neglect, many of these monuments to medieval engineering have been saved by the Archaeological Survey of India, which has recognised the importance of preserving them as part of the country's rich history.

Flock (n/v) /flˈɒk/

thu thập; tụ họp, hình thành nhóm. Syn: gather, form a group. Ex: Tourists flock to wells in far-flung corners of northwestern India to gaze in wonder at these architectural marvels from 1,000 years ago, which serve as a reminder of both the ingenuity and artistry of ancient civilisations and of the value of water to human existence.

Marvel (n/v) /mˈɑːvə‍l/

wonder, awesome sight, đáng kinh ngạc thứ; điều. Syn: wonder, awesome sight, amazing thing. Ex: Tourists flock to wells in far-flung corners of northwestern India to gaze in wonder at these architectural marvels from 1,000 years ago, which serve as a reminder of both the ingenuity and artistry of ancient civilisations and of the value of water to human existence.

Ingenuity (n) /ˌɪnd‍ʒɪnjˈuːɪti/

cleverness, inventiveness, creativity. Syn: cleverness, inventiveness, creativity. Ex: Tourists flock to wells in far-flung corners of northwestern India to gaze in wonder at these architectural marvels from 1,000 years ago, which serve as a reminder of both the ingenuity and artistry of ancient civilisations and of the value of water to human existence.

Prospect (n) /pɹˈɒspɛkt/

triển vọng; khả năng. Syn: possibility, likelihood, chance, option. Ex: EUROPEAN TRANSPORT SYSTEMS 1990-2010 What have been the trends and what are the prospects for European transport systems?

Conceive (adj) /kənsˈiːv/

tưởng tượng, visualize, nghĩ. Syn: imagine, visualize, think of. Ex: A It is difficult to conceive of vigorous economic growth without an efficient transport system.

Vigorous (adj) /vˈɪɡəɹəs/

mạnh; chắc và khỏe mạnh. Syn: —. Ex: A It is difficult to conceive of vigorous economic growth without an efficient transport system.

Efficient (adj) /ɪfˈɪʃənt/

hiệu quả. Syn: effective, useful, helpful, well- organized. Ex: A It is difficult to conceive of vigorous economic growth without an efficient transport system.

Facilitate (n/v) /fəsˈɪlɪtˌe‍ɪt/

hỗ trợ, giúp, hỗ trợ. Syn: aid, help, assist. Ex: Although modern information technologies can reduce the demand for physical transport by facilitating teleworking and teleservices, the requirement for transport continues to increase.

Substantial (adj) /səbstˈanʃə‍l/

đáng kể; quan trọng, considerable. Syn: significant, considerable. Ex: The number of cars on European Union (EU) roads saw an increase of three million cars each year from 1990 to 2010, and in the next decade the EU will see a further substantial increase in its fleet.

Frontier (n) /fɹˈʌnti‍ə/

biên giới, ranh giới, mép. Syn: border, boundary, edge. Ex: In the last 20 years, as internal frontiers have been abolished, the EU has moved from a "stock" economy to a "flow" economy.

Abolish (v) /ɐbˈɒlɪʃ/

loại bỏ, đặt kết thúc, dừng, gần xuống, loại bỏ. Syn: eliminate, put an end to, stop, close down, get rid of. Ex: In the last 20 years, as internal frontiers have been abolished, the EU has moved from a "stock" economy to a "flow" economy.

Emphasis (n) /ˈɛmfəsˌɪs/

sự nhấn mạnh. Syn: stress, underscore; Ant: denies. Ex: This phenomenon has been emphasised by the relocation of some industries, particularly those which are labourintensive, to reduce production costs, even though the production site is hundreds or even thousands of kilometres away from the final assembly plant or away from users.

Labour-intensive (adj) /lˈe‍ɪbəɹɪntˈɛnsɪv/

ngành công nghiệp hoặc loại hoạt động; làm việc labour-intensive nhu cầu nhiều người lao động. Syn: —. Ex: This phenomenon has been emphasised by the relocation of some industries, particularly those which are labourintensive, to reduce production costs, even though the production site is hundreds or even thousands of kilometres away from the final assembly plant or away from users.

Assembly (adv) /ɐsˈɛmblɪ/

thu thập; tụ họp, cuộc họp, nhận; trở nên cùng nhau. Syn: gathering, meeting, get- together. Ex: This phenomenon has been emphasised by the relocation of some industries, particularly those which are labourintensive, to reduce production costs, even though the production site is hundreds or even thousands of kilometres away from the final assembly plant or away from users.

Candidate (n/v) /kˈandɪdˌe‍ɪt/

applicant. Syn: —. Ex: C The strong economic growth expected in countries which are candidates for entry to the EU will also increase transport flows, in particular road haulage traffic.

Haulage (n/v) /hˈɔːlɪd‍ʒ/

di chuyển, mang; vận chuyển, tàu. Syn: moving, carrying, shipping. Ex: C The strong economic growth expected in countries which are candidates for entry to the EU will also increase transport flows, in particular road haulage traffic.

Export (n/v) /ˈɛkspɔːt/

xuất khẩu. Syn: sell abroad, sell overseas, sell to other countries. Ex: In 1998, some of these countries already exported more than twice their 1990 volumes and imported more than five times their 1990 volumes.

Import (v) /ɪmpˈɔːt/

nhập khẩu. Syn: bring in, trade in, buy from abroad, buy from overseas, buy from other countries. Ex: In 1998, some of these countries already exported more than twice their 1990 volumes and imported more than five times their 1990 volumes.

Inherit (n/v) /ɪnhˈɛɹɪt/

left, lấy; thực hiện trên. Syn: be left, take over. Ex: And although many candidate countries inherited a transport system which encourages rail, the distribution between modes has tipped sharply in favour of road transport since the 1990s.

Distribution (n) /dˌɪstɹɪbjˈuːʃən/

chia sẻ; phần, lan rộng, allocation. Syn: sharing, spreading, allocation. Ex: And although many candidate countries inherited a transport system which encourages rail, the distribution between modes has tipped sharply in favour of road transport since the 1990s.

Imperative (adj) /ɪmpˈɛɹətˌɪv/

thiết yếu, rất quan trọng, then chốt, thiết yếu. Syn: vital, very important, crucial, essential. Ex: D However, a new imperative-sustainable development - offers an opportunity for adapting the EU common transport policy.

Sustainable (adj) /səstˈe‍ɪnəbə‍l/

có khả năng tiếp tục trong thời gian dài. Syn: —. Ex: D However, a new imperative-sustainable development - offers an opportunity for adapting the EU common transport policy.

Adapt (v) /ɐdˈapt/

thích nghi. Syn: get a feel to, get used to, familiarize yourself. Ex: D However, a new imperative-sustainable development - offers an opportunity for adapting the EU common transport policy.

Policy (n/v) /pˈɒlɪsi/

quy tắc, hướng dẫn nguyên tắc, chiến lược, kế hoạch. Syn: rule, guiding principle, strategy, plan. Ex: D However, a new imperative-sustainable development - offers an opportunity for adapting the EU common transport policy.

Objective (adj) /ɒbd‍ʒˈɛktɪv/

mục tiêu; khách quan. Syn: aim, purpose, goal, intention. Ex: This objective, agreed by the Gothenburg European Council, has to be achieved by integrating environmental considerations into Community policies, and shifting the balance between modes of transport lies at the heart of its strategy.

Integrate (v) /ˈɪntɪɡɹˌe‍ɪt/

đặt cùng nhau, trộn, kết hợp. Syn: put together, mix, combine. Ex: This integrated approach would allow the market shares of the other modes to return to their 1998 levels and thus make a shift of balance.

Strategy (n) /stɹˈatəd‍ʒi/

chiến lược. Syn: method, technique. Ex: This objective, agreed by the Gothenburg European Council, has to be achieved by integrating environmental considerations into Community policies, and shifting the balance between modes of transport lies at the heart of its strategy.

Propose (n/v) /pɹəpˈə‍ʊz/

đề xuất. Syn: suggest, recommend, advise. Ex: The ambitious objective can only be fully achieved by 2020, but proposed measures are nonetheless a first essential step towards a sustainable transport system which will ideally be in place in 30 years‟ time, that is by 2040.

Ideally (adv) /a‍ɪdˈi‍əli/

hoàn hảo, tốt. Syn: perfectly, well. Ex: The ambitious objective can only be fully achieved by 2020, but proposed measures are nonetheless a first essential step towards a sustainable transport system which will ideally be in place in 30 years‟ time, that is by 2040.

Blame (n/v) /blˈe‍ɪm/

giữ responsible, accused. Syn: hold responsible, accused. Ex: E In 1998, energy consumption in the transport sector was to blame for 28% of emissions of CO2,the leading greenhouse gas.

Emission (n) /ɪmˈɪʃən/

phát thải. Syn: release, discharge. Ex: E In 1998, energy consumption in the transport sector was to blame for 28% of emissions of CO2,the leading greenhouse gas.

Reverse (v) /ɹɪvˈɜːs/

overturn. Syn: —. Ex: According to the latest estimates, if nothing is done to reverse the traffic growth trend, CO2 emissions from transport can be expected to increase by around 50% to 1,113 billion tonnes by 2020,compared with the 739 billion tonnes recorded in 1990.

Culprit (n/v) /kˈʌlpɹɪt/

gây ra, lý do. Syn: cause, reason. Ex: Once again, road transport is the main culprit since it alone accounts for 84% of the CO2 emissions attributable to transport.

Account for (phrasal verb/collocation) /ɐkˈa‍ʊnt fɔː/

đại diện; biểu thị, giải thích, trả lời. Syn: represent, explain, answer for. Ex: Once again, road transport is the main culprit since it alone accounts for 84% of the CO2 emissions attributable to transport.

Deterioration (n) /dɪtˌi‍əɹi‍əɹˈe‍ɪʃən/

vi khuẩn. Syn: worsening, decline, weakening. Ex: Such a change cannot be achieved overnight, all the less so after over half a century of constant deterioration in favour of road.

Marginalise (v) /mˈɑːd‍ʒɪnəlˌa‍ɪz/

làm; tạo ra người hoặc một nhóm người không quan trọng và powerless không công bằng cách. Syn: —. Ex: This has reached such a pitch that today rail freight services are facing marginalisation, with just 8% of market share, and with international goods trains struggling along at an average speed of 18km/h.

Emerge (v) /ɪmˈɜːd‍ʒ/

xuất hiện; nổi lên. Syn: appear, come out. Ex: Three possible options have emerged.

Accompany (v) /ɐkˈʌmpəni/

đi dọc theo với, đi cùng nhau với. Syn: go along with, go together with. Ex: The passage uses "Accompany" in its original context.

Complementary (adj) /kˌɒmplɪmˈɛntəɹi/

cân bằng. Syn: —. Ex: This option would not be accompanied by complementary measures in the other modes of transport.

Ratio (n/v) /ɹˈe‍ɪʃɪˌə‍ʊ/

tỷ lệ. Syn: proportion, percentage. Ex: This objective, agreed by the Gothenburg European Council, has to be achieved by integrating environmental considerations into Community policies, and shifting the balance between modes of transport lies at the heart of its strategy.

Curb (n/v) /kˈɜːb/

giữ lại, giới hạn, restrain, giảm, cắt lại. Syn: hold back, limit, restrain, reduce, cut back. Ex: In the short term it might curb the growth in road transport through the better loading ratio of goods vehicles and occupancy rates of passenger vehicles expected as a result of the increase in the price of transport.

Occupancy (n) /ˈɒkjʊpənsi/

số lượng những người ở lại, hoạt động; làm việc, hoặc sống phòng hoặc tòa nhà; xây dựng đồng thời. Syn: the number of people who stay, work, or live in a room or building at the same time. Ex: In the short term it might curb the growth in road transport through the better loading ratio of goods vehicles and occupancy rates of passenger vehicles expected as a result of the increase in the price of transport.

Concentrate on (n phrase/collocation) /kˈɒnsəntɹˌe‍ɪt ˈɒn/

tập trung. Syn: —. Ex: It could help to achieve greater uncoupling than the first approach, but road transport would keep the lion‟s share of the market and continue to concentrate on saturated arteries, despite being the most polluting of the modes.

Logistics (n) /ləd‍ʒˈɪstɪks/

doanh nghiệp giao thông; vận chuyển các thứ như hàng hóa nơi; địa điểm nơi cần thiết. Syn: —. Ex: The passage uses "Logistics" in its original context.

Infrastructure (n) /ˈɪnfɹəstɹˌʌkt‍ʃə/

cơ bản hệ thống và cấu trúc quốc gia hoặc tổ chức nhu cầu để hoạt động; làm việc đúng cách, ví dụ đường, đường sắt, banks etc. Syn: —. Ex: However, this approach does not include investment in new infrastructure, nor does it guarantee better regional cohesion.

Cohesion (n) /kə‍ʊhˈiːʒən/

unity, consistency, tổ chức. Syn: unity, consistency, organization. Ex: However, this approach does not include investment in new infrastructure, nor does it guarantee better regional cohesion.

Uncoupling (n/v) /ʌnkˈʌplɪŋ/

disconnection, separation. Syn: disconnection, separation. Ex: It could help to achieve greater uncoupling than the first approach, but road transport would keep the lion‟s share of the market and continue to concentrate on saturated arteries, despite being the most polluting of the modes.

Saturated (adj) /sˈat‍ʃəɹˌe‍ɪtɪd/

soaked, ướt. Syn: soaked, wet. Ex: It could help to achieve greater uncoupling than the first approach, but road transport would keep the lion‟s share of the market and continue to concentrate on saturated arteries, despite being the most polluting of the modes.

Artery (n) /ˈɑːtəɹi/

chính đường, đường sắt đường, sông etc. Syn: a main road, railway line, river etc. Ex: The passage uses "Artery" in its original context.

Revitalizing (n/v) /ɹɪvˈa‍ɪtə‍lˌa‍ɪzɪŋ/

refreshing, renewing. Syn: refreshing, renewing. Ex: The passage uses "Revitalizing" in its original context.

Bear in mind (n phrase/collocation) /bˈe‍əɹ ɪn mˈa‍ɪnd/

since, được cho. Syn: since, given that. Ex: It is far more ambitious than it looks, bearing in mind the historical imbalance in favour of roads for the last fifty years, but would achieve a marked break in the link between road transport growth and economic growth, without placing restrictions on the mobility of people and goods.

Innovation (n) /ˌɪnəvˈe‍ɪʃən/

đổi mới. Syn: improvement, advance, modernization. Ex: The psychology of innovation Why are so few companies truly innovative?

Survival (adj) /səvˈa‍ɪvə‍l/

tiếp tục sự tồn tại. Syn: —. Ex: Innovation is key to business survival,and companies put substantial resources into inspiring employees to develop new ideas.

Substantial (adj) /səbstˈanʃə‍l/

considerable, đáng kể; quan trọng. Syn: considerable, significant. Ex: Innovation is key to business survival,and companies put substantial resources into inspiring employees to develop new ideas.

Inspire (v) /ɪnspˈa‍ɪ‍ə/

truyền cảm hứng. Syn: motivate, encourage. Ex: Orbison wasn't inspired by the goal, and only ever achieved one hit with the Sun label.

Stimulate (n/v) /stˈɪmjʊlˌe‍ɪt/

kích thích. Syn: inspire, motivate, encourage. Ex: There are, nevertheless, people working in luxurious, state-of-the- art centres designed to stimulate innovation who find that their environment doesn't make them feel at all creative.