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SA node

The heart's natural pacemaker that starts the electrical impulse

AV node

Receives the impulse from the SA node and sends a signal toward the ventricles

Intrinsic regulation

Regulation of the heart from within the heart itself

Extrinsic regulation

Regulation of the heart by outside influences, such as the nervous system and hormones

Sympathetic nervous system

Increases heart rate and the force of heart contractions

Parasympathetic nervous system

Slows down heart rate

Acetylcholine

Chemical released by the parasympathetic nervous system that helps slow the heart

Glycogenolysis

Breaking down stored glycogen into glucose

Gluconeogenesis

Making new glucose from substances such as proteins and fats

Sweating

Helps cool the body as sweat evaporates from the skin

Shivering

Involuntary muscle contractions that produce heat

Non-shivering thermogenesis

Producing heat without shivering

Evaporation

Heat transfer when liquid changes into vapor; sweating cools the body this way

Conduction

Heat transfer through direct contact between objects

Convection

Heat transfer through the movement of air or water

Radiation

Heat transfer through electromagnetic waves

Barometric pressure

The pressure caused by the weight of the atmosphere

Partial pressure

The pressure that an individual gas contributes to the total pressure

Hypoxia

Low oxygen availability in body tissues

Hypoxemia

Low oxygen levels in the blood