SEMIO CH6 TRIGGER

NEOPLASIA → 3 CARACTÉRISTIQUES

NEW CLONE OF CELLS → UNCONTROLLED + EXCESSIVE + AUTONOMOUS GROWTH

NEOPLASIA = DANGER ?

PEUT ETRE MALIN COMME BENIN

CANCER SYNONYME DE

MALIGNANT NEOPLASIA

HYPERTROPHY =

CELL SIZE ++

HYPERPLASIA =

CELL NUMBER ++

METAPLASIA =

REPLACEMENT OF 1 MATURE CELL TYPE BY ANOTHER MATURE CELL TYPE

EXEMPLE METAPLASIA

RESPIRATORY EPITH° IN SMOKERS

METAPLASIA RISK CANCER

LOW RISK OF CANCER

2 TRIGGERS → DYSPLASIA

ABNORMAL CELLS + DISORGANIZED TISSUE

DYSPLASIA CONSIDÉRÉ COMME ?

PREMALIGNANT

NEOPLASIA CANCER RISK →

HIGH CANCER RISK

TRIGGER = LEUKOPLAKIA + ABNORMAL CELL SIZE AND ORGANIZATION

ORAL EPITHELIAL DYSPLASIA

ANAPLASIA

LOSS OF DIFFERENCIATION

3 CARACTÉRISTIQUES ANAPLASIA

BIG NUCLEUS + DISORGANIZED + NON REVERSIBLE

SI → LARGE NUCLEI + MANY MITOSES + HIGHLY IRREGULAR CELLS ?

ANAPLASTIC CARCINOMA

ORDRE DE GRAVITÉ ENTRE DYS° ANA° ET META°

1→ META → REVERSIBLE

2 → DYS° → PREMALIGNANT

3 → ANA° → MALIGNANT + LOSS OF DIFFERENTIATION

SI → SLOW GROWTH + WELL DIFFERENCIATED + NORMAL LOOKING CELLS

BENIGN

5 SIGNES → MALIGNANT

FAST GROWTH + ABNROMAL CELLS + DISORGANIZED TISSUE + INVASION + METASTASIS

-OMA

BENIGN TUMOR

-CARCINOMA

MALIGNANT EPITHELIAL TUMOR

-SARCOMA

MALIGNANT TUMOR OF BONE / CONNECTIVE TISSUE / MUSCLE

-BLASTOMA

MALIGNANT TUMOR OF DEVELOPPING CELLS

MALINGANT CELLS STAY ABOVE THE BASAL MEMBRANE →

CARCINOMA IN SITU

MALIGANT CELLS CROSS THE CELL MEMBRANE

INVASIVE CARCINOMA

TRIGGER → SAME MALIGNANT CELLS IN A DISTANT ORGAN

METASTASIS

REGIONAL LYMPH NODE INVOLVEMENT →

LYMPHATIC SPREAD

LYMPHATIC SPREAD CAN CAUSE →

ADENOPATHY / LYMPHADENOPATHY

MALIGNANT CELLS IN A DISTANT ORGAN VIA BLOOD ? ORGANES LES + TOUCHÉS ?

HEMATOGENOUS SPREAD

→ LUNG + LIVER

TRIGGER : BONE METASTASIS + DESTRUCTIVE RADIOLUCENT LESIONS →

OSTEOLYTIC

TRIGGER : BONE METASTASIS + SCLEROTIC LESIONS ?

OSTEOBLASTIC

WHY CANCER DEVELOPS

MUTATIONS ACCUMULATE IN CELL DNA

PROTO ONCOGENE

NORMAL GENE → REGULATE CELL GROWTH + DIFFERENCIATION

ONCOGENE

MUTATED PROTO-ONCOGENE → UNCONTROLLED GROWTH

CELL THAT INHIBITS CELL PROLIFERATION ?

TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES

3 GROUPES DE CARCINOGENES + EXEMPLE :

CHIMIQUES → TABAC

BIOLOGIQUES → VIRUS

PHYSICAL → RADIATION

HTLV-I ASSOCIÉ À

T-CELL LEUKEMIA/LYMPHOMA

HEPATITIS B/C ASSOCIÉ À

HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA

EBV ASSOCIÉ À ?

BURKITT LYMPHOMA

HODGKIN DISEASE

NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA

HHV-8 / KSHV ASSOCIÉ À

KAPOSI SARCOMA

HPV 16-18-33-39 ASSOCIÉ À ?

CERVICAL CARCINOMA

ANAL CARCINOMA

HPV 5,8,17 ASSOCIÉ ?

SKIN CANCER

RED-PURPLE ORAL LESIONS + HIV

KAPOSI SARCOMA

(HHV-8 / KHSV)

B-CELL LYMPHOMA + EBV

BURKITT LYMPHOMA

SMOKER + NON HEALING ORAL ULCER

ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

TUMOR IN HOLLOW ORGAN + OBSTRUCTION

STENOSIS

TUMOR DAMAGES MUCOSA

UNUSUAL BLEEDING

PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROME

SYMPTOMS DUE TO SUBSTANCES SECRETES BY A TUMOR

SUSPICIOUS ORAL LESION DEFINITIVE DIAGNOSIS →

BIOPSY

TUMOR MARKER CEA →

ADENOCARCINOMA

TUMOR MARKER AFP

HEPATOCARCINOMA

TUMOR MARKER PSA

PROSTATE CANCER

TNM =

T = TUMOR

N = NODES

M = METASTASIS

TX

CANNOT EVALUATE TUMOR

TIS

CARCINOMA IN SITU

T0

NO PRIMARY TUMORS

T1-T4

PROGRESSIVLY LARGER / EXTENSIVE TUMORS

STAGE I

SMALL LOCALIZED TUMOR

STAGE II

LARGER TUMOR

STAGE III

LYMPH NODE INVOLVEMENT

STAGE IV

METASTASIS

ORAL CANCER + ENLARGED CERVICAL NODE

LYMPHATIC METASTASIS