3.4 AI review: Background of dyslipidemia & Goals of Treatment

The main goal of lipid-lowering therapy is to prevent ________, not just improve lab values.

ASCVD events

The 10-year ASCVD risk is calculated using the ________ equation.

Pooled Cohort Equation

An LDL level ≥ ________ mg/dL qualifies a patient for high-intensity statin therapy.

190

Adults aged 40-75 with diabetes and LDL 70-189 mg/dL should receive at least ________-intensity statin therapy.

moderate

Family history of premature ASCVD is defined as <______ years in males or <______ years in females.

55, 65

An ASCVD risk ≥ ________% indicates need for high-intensity statin therapy.

20

Statin therapy should be considered in borderline risk patients (5-7.5%) if ________ are present.

risk enhancers

Clinical ASCVD automatically places a patient in the ________ risk category.

high

Chronic kidney disease (eGFR 15-59) is considered a(n) ________.

ASCVD risk enhancer

The PREVENT calculator is a newer tool that is more accurate for patients with ________.

hypertension

For secondary prevention, add ezetimibe if LDL remains ≥ ________ mg/dL on high-intensity statin.

70

For very high-risk ASCVD patients, consider PCSK9 inhibitor if LDL ≥ ________ mg/dL.

55

Ezetimibe inhibits cholesterol absorption via blocking the ________ transporter.

NPC1L1

PCSK9 inhibitors prevent LDL receptor ________.

degradation

Bempedoic acid inhibits the enzyme ________ upstream of HMG-CoA reductase.

ATP-citrate lyase

Inclisiran lowers LDL by silencing ________ mRNA.

PCSK9

High-intensity statins target ≥ ________% reduction in LDL levels.

50

If LDL goal not met, therapy sequence is: ________ → PCSK9 inhibitor → Bempedoic acid/Inclisiran.

Ezetimibe

Statins remain the ________ therapy for nearly all lipid-lowering treatment plans.

first-line

Lifestyle modification should always accompany ________ therapy.

pharmacologic

Recheck lipid panel ________ weeks after statin initiation or dose adjustment.

4-12

Liver function tests are required at ________ and repeated only if symptoms develop.

baseline

Creatine kinase (CK) should be measured only if patient reports ________ symptoms.

muscle

Adherence and side effects should be reviewed at ________ visit.

every

A ≥50% LDL reduction indicates appropriate response to ________-intensity statin.

high

Hydrophilic statins like pravastatin and rosuvastatin have lower risk of ________.

myopathy

Ezetimibe can be combined with statins for greater LDL reduction without significant increase in ________ risk.

myopathy

Success of therapy is measured not by LDL alone, but by reduction in ________.

ASCVD events

Statins improve outcomes by upregulating ________ on hepatocytes.

LDL receptors

Lifestyle modification includes diet, exercise, and ________ cessation.

smoking