Ex3 PSY Schizoprenia

Psychosis defined

Loss of contact with reality

Core symptom domains of psychosis

Hallucinations, Delusions, Disorganized thinking/speech, Disorganized behavior/catatonia, Negative symptoms

Schizophrenia

Disorder of thought, perception, emotion, and behavior

Etiology and Risk Factors for Schizophrenia

Genetic predisposition, Dopamine dysregulation, Neurodevelopmental abnormalities, Prenatal complications, Trauma/stress, Cannabis and synthetic cannabinoid use

Stages of Schizophrenia in Order

Premorbid, Prodromal, Active, Residual/Maintenance

Key findings in Premorbid Stage

Social withdrawal, poor school/work performance

Key findings in Prodromal Stage

Mild symptoms, functional decline

Key findings in Active Stage

Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized behavior

Key findings in Residual/Maintenance Stage

Positive symptoms decreased, negative symptoms persist

What does positive symptoms mean in schizophrenia?

Adds/distorts person's normal functioning

What does negative symptoms mean in schizophrenia?

Loss/absence of normal behaviors

Examples of positive symptoms

Hallucinations, Delusion, Disorganized thinking and speech

Examples of Delusions

Persecutory, Referential, Grandiose, Erotomaniac, Nihilistic, Somatic

Example of Disorganized thinking and speech

Loose-associations, Neologism, Clang Associations, Word Salad, Circumstantiality, Tangentiality, Echolalia, Perseveration

Circumstantiality

Px adds unnecessary detail but eventually gets to the point

Tangentiality

Px adds unnecessary detail and leads into a tangent that doesn't answer the original question

Example of Negative Symptoms

Affect, Alogia, Avolition, Anosognosia, Anergia, Anhedonia, Asociality

Alogia

Relative absence of speech

Anosognosia

Denial of illness

Avolition

Lack of motivation

What are some cognitive dysfunctions in schizophrenia?

Working memory, attention, speed of processing thoughts, deficit in reasoning

Referential

Belief that certain gestures, comments, environmental cues are directed at oneself

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder Key Feature: Brief psychotic disorder

1 day to

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder Key Feature: Schizophreniform

1 to 6 months

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder Key Feature: Schizophrenia

>6 months

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder Key Feature: Delusional Disorder

Persistent delusions

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder Key Feature: Schizoaffective disorder

Psychosis + Mood disorder

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder Key Feature: Substance-induced psychosis

Related to substances

Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder Key Feature: Medical condition psychosis

Due to medical illness

What should you not do in terms of therapeutic communication to a schizophrenia person?

Argue, Challenge Delusions, or Reinforce Hallucinations

What should you do in terms of therapeutic communication to a schizophrenia person?

Be calm and consistent, use of simple and clear statement, focus on reality, build trust, maintain honesty

What's the best intervention to do for a person going through a current hallucination?

"I understand that you hear voices, I do not hear them"

Present reality

Reduce stimuli

Redirect attention

Assess content of hallucinations