Key equations + relationships

Density

density = mass/volume

calculating number of neutrons in an atoms

N= A-Z

number on neutrons = mass number- atomic number

calculating avg atomic mass of the isotope of an element

atomic mass = (Isotopic mass)(fractional abundance of isotope)

NA =

1 mole(Avogadro’s number) 6.022 × 10²3 (4 sgf)

calculating percent yield

% yield = actual yield/theoretical yield x 100

define molarity

moles of solute/liters of solute or M= mol solute/L solute

Diluting a concentrated solution

or use M instead of C ex: M1 V1= M2 V2

Boyles Law

Volume + pressure relationship:

Charles law

Volume + temp relationship:

Amonton’s law/Gay Lussac

Pressure and temp relationship:

Avogadro’s law

Volume and amount relationship:

Dalton’s law of partial pressures

Pi=XiP total and Xi=ni/n total

volatile molar mass:

M=mRT/(PV)