Architecture Final

Equitable Use

Design principle ensuring accessibility and usability for all individuals, regardless of ability or status.

Flexibility in Use

Design that accommodates a wide range of individual preferences and abilities.

Simple and Intuitive Use

Design principle that ensures the design is easy to understand and use, regardless of the user's experience, knowledge, language skills, or current concentration level.

Tolerance for Error

Design that minimizes hazards and the adverse consequences of accidental or unintended actions, allowing for user mistakes.

Low Physical Effort

Design that can be used efficiently and comfortably with minimal fatigue, allowing users to maintain a high level of performance.

Size and Space for Approach and Use

Design that provides appropriate space for approach, reach, manipulation, and use regardless of user's body size, posture, or mobility.

Perceptible Information

Design that communicates necessary information effectively to the user, regardless of their sensory abilities.

Point

• It has no length, width or depth or dimension

• It is static, centralized and directionless

• The two ends of a line

• The intersection of two lines
  • The meeting of lines at the corner of a plane or
  volume
  • The center of a field

Line

• is a point extended.
• has length, but no width or depth.
• can join, link, support, surround or intersect other elements
• describes the edges of and give shape to planes
• articulates the surfaces of planes
• must have some degree of thickness to become visible
• can be taut, or limp, bold or tentative, graceful or ragged

Plane

A line extended in a direction other than its intrinsic direction transforms into a surface. Conceptually, a surface has length and width but no depth.

Shape is the primary identifying characteristic of a surface, determined by the contour of the line forming its edges. The perception of shape can be distorted by perspective foreshortening.

The supplementary properties of a surface—color, pattern, and texture—affect its visual weight and stability.

Volume

A plane extended in a direction other than its intrinsic direction. Has three dimensions: length, width and depth.

Properities of form: Position

The location of a form relative to
its environment or the visual field within
which it is seen.

Properties of form: Orientation

The direction of a form relative
to the ground plane, the compass points,
other forms, or to the person viewing the
form.

Properties of Form: Visual Intertia

The degree of concentration
and stability of a form. Depends on its geometry as well as its
orientation relative to the ground plane, the
pull of gravity and our line of sight.

Form

In art and design, we often use the term to
denote the formal structure of a work, the
manner of arranging and coordinating the
elements and parts of a composition so as to
produce a coherent image.

• It may refer to an external appearance that
can be recognized, a chair or the human
body that sits in it.
• It may allude to a particular condition in
which something acts or manifest itself, as
when we speak of water in the form or ice of
steam.

Horizontal Elements Defining Space: Base Plane

A horizontal plane laying as a figure on a contrasting background defines a simple field of space. This field can be visually reinforced in the following ways.

Horizontal Elements Defining Space: Elevated Base Plane

A horizontal plane elevated above the ground plane establishes vertical surfaces along its edges that reinforce the visual separation between its field and the surrounding ground.

Horizontal Elements Defining Space: Depressed Base Plane

A horizontal plane depressed into the ground plane utilizes the vertical surfaces of the lowered area to define a volume of
space.

Horizontal Elements Defining Space: Overheard Plane

A horizontal plane located overhead defines a volume of space between itself and the ground plane.

Solid/ Void

Irregular Forms

those whose parts are dissimilar in nature and related to one
another in an inconsistent manner. They are generally asymmetrical and more dynamic that regular forms.

Regular Forms

They can retain regularity even when transformed dimensionally or by the addition or subtraction of elements.

Openings within planes

Openings at corners

Openings between planes

Degree of Enclosure

form of the space

Light

illumination on surfaces

View

the focus of the space

Ventilation

TBD

Time

TBD

Space

the open area or volume between structural elements, such as walls, ceilings, and floors

Sequences

a series of spaces linked by a route that creates an integrated experience for the user.

Size

TBD

Scale

The size of something compared to a reference standard or to the size of something else.

Proportion

The harmonious relation of one part to another or to the whole.

Approach

This is the first phase of the circulation system, during which we are prepared to see, experience, and use the spaces within a building.

Entrance

Involves the act of penetrating a vertical plane that
- distinguishes one space from another
- and separates here from there
- passage thought an implied plane
established by two pillars or an overhead
beam.
Where more visual continuity is desired,
-a change in level can suffice to mark the
passage from one place to another

Configuration of the Path

Refers to the layout of movement paths for people, goods, cars, and services.

OR

linking sequences of space that users are taken through from a chosen starting point to specific destination point.

Path-space Relationships

Pass-by spaces:- The integrity of each space is maintained
- The configuration of the path is flexible
- Mediating spaces can be used to link the path with
the spaces

Pass through space:
The path may pass though a space axially,
obliquely, or along its edge
- In cutting through a space, the path creates
patterns of rest and movement within it.

Terminate in a space:
The location of the space establishes the path
- This path-space relationship is used to approach
and enter functionally or symbolically important
spaces.

Form of the circulation

Enclosed: Forming a public galleria or private corridor that
relates to the spaces it links though entrances in a
wall plane

Open on one side: Forming a balcony or gallery that provides visual and spatial continuity with the spaces it links
Form of the Circulation Space

Open on both sides: Forming a colonnaded passageway that becomes a physical extension of the space it passes through.

Straight-run stair

L-Shaped Stair

U-Shaped Stair

Circular Stair

staircase that has a radius and an opening in the middle. Has a larger radius, allowing for wider steps

Spiral Stair

Staircase with a radium, and a column in the middle

Configuration of the path: Linear

All paths are this. Can be the primary organizing element for a series of spaces. It can be
- curvilinear or
- segmented,
- intersect other paths,
- have branches, or
- form a loop.

Configuration of the path: Radial

has linear paths extending from or terminating at a central, common point.

Configuration of the path: Spiral

A single, continuous path that originates from a central point, revolves around it, and becomes increasingly distant from it.

Configuration of the path: Grid

Consists of two sets of parallel paths that intersect at regular intervals and create square or rectangular fields of space

Configuration of the path: Network

Consists of paths that connect established points in space

Configuration of the path: Composite

a building normally employs a combination of the preceding patterns.
Important points in any pattern are centers of activity, entrances to rooms and halls, and places for vertical circulation provided by stairways, ramps and elevators.

Path-space relationships: Pass by spaces

- The integrity of each space is maintained
- The configuration of the path is flexible
- Mediating spaces can be used to link the path with
the spaces

Path-space relationships: Pass through spaces

- The path may pass though a space axially,
obliquely, or along its edge

- In cutting through a space, the path creates
patterns of rest and movement within it.

Path-space relationships: terminate in a space

- The location of the space establishes the path
- This path-space relationship is used to approach
and enter functionally or symbolically important
spaces

Form of the circulation space: Enclosed

Forming a public galleria or private corridor that relates to the spaces it links though entrances in a wall plane.

Form of the circulation space: Open on one side

Forming a balcony or gallery that provides visual and spatial continuity with the spaces it links

Form of the circulation space: Open on both sides

Forming a colonnaded passageway that becomes a physical extension of the space it passes through.

Additive Form: Spatial Tension

Relies on the close proximity of the forms or their sharing of a common visual trait such as shape, color or material.

Additive Form: Edge-to-Edge contact

The volumes share a common edge and can pivot about that edge.

Additive Form: Face-to-Face contact

This type of relationship requires that the two forms have corresponding planar surfaces which are parallel to each other.

Additive Form: Interlocking Volumes

In this type of relationship, the forms interpenetrate each other’s space. The forms
need not share any visual traits.

Additive Form: Centeralized Form

A number of secondary forms clustered about a dominant, central parent-form.

Additive Form: Linear Form

A series of forms arranged sequentially in a row.

Additive Form: Radial Form

A composition of linear forms extending outward from a central form in a radial manner.

Additive Form: Clustered Form

A collection of forms grouped together by proximity or the sharing of a common visual trait.

Additive Form: Grid Form

A set of modular forms related and regulated by a three-dimensional grid.

Ordering Principles: Axis

line established by two points in space, about which forms and spaces can be arranged in a The balanced distribution and arrangement of equivalent forms
and spaces on opposite sides of a dividing line or plane, or about a center. symmetrical or balanced manner.

Ordering Principles: Symmetry & 2 types

The balanced distribution and arrangement of equivalent forms and spaces on opposite sides of a dividing line or plane, or about a center or axis.

1)Bilateral symmetry refers to the balances arrangement of
similar of equivalent elements on opposite sides of a median axis
so that only one plane can divide the whole into essentially
identical halves.

2) Radial symmetry refers to the balanced arrangement of
similar, radiating elements such that the composition can be
divided into similar halves by passing a plane at any angle
around a centerpoint or along a central axis.

Ordering Principles: Datum

A line, plane, or volume that, by its continuity and regularity, serves to gather, measure, and organize a pattern of forms and spaces.

Ordering Principles: Hierarchy

The articulation of the importance or significance of a form or spaces by its size, shape,
or placement relative to the other forms and spaces of the organization.

Ordering Principles: Rhythm/Repition

A unifying movement characterized by a patterned repetition of alternation of formal elements or motifs in the same or a modified form.

Ordering Principles: Transformation

that an architectural concept, structure, or organization
can be altered through a series of discrete manipulations and permutations in response to a specific context or set of conditions without a loss of identity or concept.

3 E’s of Licensure

Education, Experience, Examination