RESEARCH: PHASES OF RESEARCH PROCESS

WHAT ARE THE MAJOR PHASES OF THE RESEARCH PROCESS

- CONCEPTUAL PHASE

- DESIGN AND PLANNING PHASE

- EMPIRICAL PHASE

- ANALYTIC PHASE

- DISSEMINATION PHASE

- IDENTIFY AND DEFINE THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

- SETS THE FOUNDATION FOR ALL OTHER PHASES OF RESEARCH

CONCEPTUAL PHASES

RESEARCH PROBLEM CONCEPTUALIZATION:

- IT STARTS WITH ___ AND ___

___ - NARROW TO PORTION

___ - CRAFT TITLE

- CURIOUSITY AND OBSERVATION

- IDENTIFY TOPIC

- ASK QUESTION

- STARTING POINT FOR SPECIFIC INQUIRY

- WE OBSERVE WHAT IS GOING ON AND TRY TO MAKE SENSE OF IT

OBSERVATION

SYSTEMATIC PROCESS OF FINDINGS, READINGS, EVALUATING AND SYNTHESIZING PREVIOUS STUDIES, ARTICLES, THEORIES, AND OTHER SCHOLARLY SOURCES RELATED TO THE RESEARCH TOPIC

LITERATURE REVIEW

- TELL US WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN

- IDENTIFIES GAPS IN EXISTING KNOWLEDGE

- IDENTIFIES CONTRAINDICATIONS OR INCONSISTENCIES

- IDENTIFIES RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH

LITERATURE REVIEW

TO UNDERSTAND WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN, IDENTIFY WHAT IS MISSING OR INCONSISTENT AND USE THAT INFORMATION TO JUSTIFY AND DEVELOP A MEANINGFUL PROBLEM

LITERATURE REVIEW

IT HELPS US UNDERSTAND WHAT PREVIOUS STUDIES ALREADY TELL US

LITERATURE REVIEW

STEPS IN MAKING A TITLE

STEP 1 - IDENTIFYING A RESEARCH TOPIC

STEP 2 - FORMULATING RESEARCH PROBLEM

STEP 3 - DEFINING THE RESEARCH PURPOSE

STEP 4 - DEVELOPING RESEARCH QUESTIONS

STEP 5 - CRAFTING THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

- BROAD AREA OF INTEREST

- FOCUS ON PRACTICE, EDUCATION, ADMINISTRATION

- BROAD AREA OF INTEREST DRAWN FROM REAL-LIFE SITUATIONS

EX. POOR HAND HYGIENE > INFECTION CONTROL

STEP 1 - IDENTIFYING A RESEARCH TOPIC

SOURCES OF RESEARCH PROBLEM

- CLINICAL EXPERIENCE

- LITERATURE REVIEW

- SOCIAL ISSUE & HEALTH TRENDS

- NURSING THEORIES

- PERSONAL INTEREST/CURIOUSITY

- POLICY GAPS

IS A PLANNED OF FRAMEWORK OF RESEARCH PRIORITY AND TOPICS THAT BASED TO BE STUDIED WITHIN A PARTICULAR FIELD, ORGANIZATIONS, COMMUNITY, OR PERIOD OF TIME

RESEARCH AGENDA

A GUIDE THAT TELLS RESEARCHERS WHAT IMPORTANT ISSUES OR AREAS SHOULD BE INVESTIGATED

RESEARCH AGENDA

RESEARCH AGENDA (RESEARCH TOPIC) VS RESEARCH PROBLEM:

____

- BROAD PRIORITY OR DIRECTION FOR RESEARCH

- IDENTIFIES WHAT AREAS NEED RESEARCH

- CAN INCLUDE MANY TOPICS

- GUIDES RESEARCHERS OVER A PERIOD OF TIME

____

- SPECIFIC ISSUE THAT A STUDY WILL INVESTIGATE

- IDENTIFIES WHAT SPECIFIC PROBLEM NEEDS TO BE REVIEWED

- RESEARCH AGENDA

- RESEARCH PROBLEM

WHAT ARE THE RESEARCH AGENDA?

- SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDG)

- NATIONAL UNIFIED HEALTH RESEARCH AGENDA (NUHRA)

- DEPARTMENT RESEARCH AGENDA

- CLEAR, DEFINITE STATEMENT OF CONCERN

- SPECIFIC ISSUE OR GAP WITHIN TOPIC

EX. PATIENTS SKIP HANDWASHING DESPITE REMINDERS

STEP 2 - FORMULATING RESEARCH PROBLEM

2 RESEARCH PROBLEM CONSIDERATIONS

EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL

NOVEL, SUBJECTS, SUPPORT, FACILITIES, ETHICS

EXTERNAL

RESEARCHERS EXPERTISE, MOTIVATION, TIME, AND COST

INTERNAL

- OBJECTS OR GOALS OF THE STUDY

- INCLUDES VARIABLES, POPULATION, SETTING

EX. TO IDENTIFY BARRIERS TO HAND HYGIENE COMPLIANCE

STEP 3 - DEFINING THE RESEARCH PURPOSE

- SPECIFIC QUERIES TO ADDRESS THE PROBLEM

- GUIDE DATA COLLECTION

EX. WHAT FACTORS INFLUENCE HAND HYGIENE COMPLIANCE?

STEP 4 - DEVELOPING RESEARCH QUESTIONS

- CONCISE, DESCRIPTIVE PHASE

- STATES FOCUS OR RESEARCH

EX. BARRIERS TO HAND HYGIENE COMPLIANCE AMONG HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS

STEP 5 - CRAFTING THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

THE SEQUENCE ENSURES YOUR RESEARCH IS CLEAR, FEASIBLE, AND SIGNIFICANT

TOPIC > PROBLEM > PURPOSE > QUESTIONS > TITLE

Visual Timeline: Historical Milestones

____: Florence Nightingale became the first recognized nurse researcher during the Crimean War. She systematically collected and analyzed data on infection rates and sanitation, proving that hygienic environments drastically reduced patient mortality.

1850s - Florence Nightingale's Sanitary Records

Visual Timeline: Historical Milestones

____: Published by the Committee for the Study of Nursing Education, this foundational study evaluated nursing schools and recommended that nursing education shift toward university settings, paving the way for academic research.

1923 - The Goldmark Report

Visual Timeline: Historical Milestones

____: The publication of the first dedicated nursing research journal established a formal pipeline for scientific literature, encouraging clinical nurses to contribute to a distinct professional body of knowledge.

1952 - Launch of the Nursing Research Journal

Visual Timeline: Historical Milestones

____: Founded by the American Nurses Association (ANA), this milestone organization secured early institutional funding and grants exclusively dedicated to supporting nurse scientists and clinical research projects.

1955 - Establishment of the American Nurses Foundation (ANF)

Visual Timeline: Historical Milestones

____: Achieving full institute status within the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) placed nursing on equal footing with other major scientific disciplines, providing substantial federal funding for evidence-based practice.

1993 - National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) Status