Functional Groups

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Functional group name, common name, properties, diagram

Last updated 5:37 PM on 9/21/24
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7 Terms

1
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Hydroxyl

  • Alcohol

  • Polar

<ul><li><p>Alcohol</p></li><li><p>Polar</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Carbonyl

  • Ketone (within skeleton) / aldehyde (end of skeleton)

  • Polar

<ul><li><p>Ketone (within skeleton) / aldehyde (end of skeleton)</p></li><li><p>Polar</p></li></ul><p></p>
3
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Carboxyl

  • Carboxylic/organic acid

  • Acts as acid

<ul><li><p>Carboxylic/organic acid</p></li><li><p>Acts as acid</p></li></ul><p></p>
4
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Amino

  • Amine

  • Acts as a base

<ul><li><p>Amine</p></li><li><p>Acts as a base</p></li></ul><p></p>
5
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Sulfhydryl

  • Thiol

  • Two sulfhydryl groups can form a cross-link, stabilizing protein structures

  • Polar

<ul><li><p>Thiol</p></li><li><p>Two sulfhydryl groups can form a cross-link, stabilizing protein structures</p></li><li><p>Polar</p></li></ul><p></p>
6
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Phosphate

  • Organic phosphate

  • Negatively charged (if it donated H protons that were bonded to oxygen)

  • Gives molecule ability to react with water, splitting off and releasing energy (eg ATP)

<ul><li><p>Organic phosphate</p></li><li><p>Negatively charged (if it donated H protons that were bonded to oxygen)</p></li><li><p>Gives molecule ability to react with water, splitting off and releasing energy (eg ATP)</p></li></ul><p></p>
7
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Methyl

  • Methylated compound

  • Nonpolar

  • Recognition tag — gene expression and sex hormone function

<ul><li><p>Methylated compound</p></li><li><p>Nonpolar</p></li><li><p>Recognition tag — gene expression and sex hormone function</p></li></ul><p></p>