exam 1 - section 13: nutrigenetics & other beneficial food compounds

Nutrigenetics

The study of how genetic differences influence an individual’s response to nutrients and diet

Nutrigenomics

The study of how nutrients and dietary patterns influence gene expression

Phytonutrients (phytochemicals)

Naturally occurring plant compounds that may provide health benefits but are not classified as essential nutrients

Zoochemicals

Compounds found in animal-derived foods that may have biological effects in the body

Functional foods

Foods that may provide health benefits beyond supplying essential nutrients

Probiotics

Live microorganisms that provide a health benefit when consumed in adequate amounts

Prebiotics

Substances, often certain fibers, that beneficial gut microorganisms can use as food

Gut microbiota

The community of microorganisms living in the digestive tract

Fortified food

A food with nutrients added that were not originally present or were present in smaller amounts

Enriched food

A food with certain nutrients added back after processing removed them

Dietary supplement

A product intended to supplement the diet, such as a vitamin, mineral, herb, or other dietary ingredient

Organic food

Food produced under applicable organic production and certification standards; the term does not automatically mean more nutritious

Food insecurity

Limited or uncertain access to enough food for an active, healthy life