Axial skeleton(A&P I HCC)

Frontal bone

Forehead bone forming the anterior cranium.

Parietal bone

Two bones forming the top and sides of the skull.

Occipital bone

Bone at the back of the skull.

Temporal bone

Bones located at the sides of the skull.

Coronal sutures

Suture between frontal and parietal bones.

Lambdoid sutures

Suture between parietal and occipital bones.

Squamous sutures

Suture between parietal and temporal bones.

Sagittal sutures

Suture between the two parietal bones.

Supraorbital foramen

Opening above the eye socket for nerves.

Infraorbital foramen

Opening below the eye socket for nerves.

Middle nasal conchae

Bony structures in the nasal cavity.

Inferior nasal conchae

Small bones in the nasal cavity.

Orbit

Bony cavity containing the eyeball.

Zygomatic bone

Mandible

Lower jawbone, the only movable skull bone.

Mental foramen

Opening in the mandible for nerves.

Vomer bone

Bone forming part of the nasal septum.

Nasal bone

Two small bones forming the bridge of the nose.

Zygomatic bone

Cheekbone, contributing to the eye socket.

Zygomatic processes

Extensions of the zygomatic bone connecting to the temporal bone.

External auditory meatus

Canal leading to the eardrum.

Mastoid process

Bony projection behind the ear.

mastoid process

Styloid process

Pointed projection of the temporal bone.

Foramen magnum

Large opening in the skull for spinal cord.

Foramen magnum

Jugular foramen

Opening for jugular vein near the skull base.

Palatine bone

Bone forming the back part of the hard palate.

Palatine process

Part of the maxilla forming the hard palate.

Mandibular notch

Notch between the condyle and coronoid process of the mandible.

Mandibular condyle

Rounded end of the mandible for jaw articulation.

Coronoid process

Triangular projection of the mandible for muscle attachment.

Angle of mandible

Corner where the body and ramus meet.

Body of mandible

Main horizontal portion of the lower jaw.

Ramus of mandible

Vertical part of the mandible.

Sphenoid bone

Bone at the base of the skull.

Sphenoid bone

Sella turcica

Depression in the sphenoid for the pituitary gland.

Foramen ovale

Opening in the sphenoid for nerve passage.

Foramen rotundum

Opening in the sphenoid for nerve passage.

Foramen spinosum

Opening in the sphenoid for blood vessels.

Optic canal

Passage for optic nerve in the sphenoid.

Greater wing

Lateral projection of the sphenoid bone.

Lesser wing

Smaller projection of the sphenoid bone.

Carotid canal

Passage for the carotid artery in the temporal bone.

Ethmoid

Bone forming part of the nasal cavity and orbits.

Crista galli

Vertical projection of the ethmoid bone.

Cribriform plate

Part of the ethmoid with olfactory foramina.

Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone

Vertical part of the ethmoid forming nasal septum.

Olfactory foramina

Small openings for olfactory nerves in the cribriform plate.

Vertebrae

Individual bones forming the vertebral column.

Cervical vertebrae

Seven vertebrae in the neck region.

Body of cervical vertebrae

small, wide side to side

Transverse process of cervical

transverse foramen of cervical

superior articular facet of cervical

-facet on anterior process

inferior articular facet of cervical

vertebral foramen of cervical

hole in the vertebrae

Atlas (C1)

First cervical vertebra supporting the skull.

transverse process of atlas

transverse foramen of atlas

vertebral foramen of atlas

Opening anterior to the body; location of spinal cord on C1

Axis (C2)

Second cervical vertebra allowing head rotation.

Dens

Odontoid process of the axis for rotation.

Body of vertebrae on axis

Spinous process of axis

transverse foramen of axis

transverse process of axis

superior articular facet of axis

inferior articular facet of axis

vertebral foramen of axis

Thoracic vertebrae

Twelve vertebrae in the upper back.

superior articular facet of thoracic

inferior articular facet of lumbar

body of thoracic

Larger than cervical; heart shaped; bears costal facets

spinous process of thoracic

transverse process of thoracic

vertebral foramen of thoracic

Lumbar vertebrae

Five vertebrae in the lower back.

body of lumbar

spinous process of lumbar

transverse process of lumbar

vertebral foramen of lumbar

Sacrum

Five fused vertebrae forming the posterior pelvis.

Coccyx

Small bone at the base of the spine.

Ala

Wing-like structures of the sacrum.

Anterior sacral foramina

Openings in the sacrum for nerve passage.

Posterior sacral foramina

Openings in the sacrum for nerve passage.

Median sacral crest

Bony ridge on the posterior sacrum.

Transverse process (sacrum)

Lateral projections of the sacrum.

Sacral hiatus

Opening at the end of the sacral canal.

Hyoid

U-shaped bone in the neck supporting the tongue.

Lesser horn of hyoid

Small projections of the hyoid bone.

Greater horn of hyoid

Longer projections of the hyoid bone.

Body of hyoid

Main horizontal part of the hyoid bone.

Ribs

Curved bones forming the rib cage.

sternal end of rib

head of rib

neck of the rib

Angle of the rib