Social Studies Test

Protestant Reformation

a movement where people went against The Roman Catholic Church

Jacques Cartier

French Explorer who went halfway down the St. Lawrence River for France (he was looking for the northwestern passage)

Henry Hudson

English explorer who sailed up The Hudson River for Netherlands and The Hudson Bay for England (was looking for the Northwestern Passage)

pueblo

towns/the center of trade and farming

mission

religious settlements

presidio

forts where soldiers lived

peninsulare

Spanish people born in Spain (top of the social classes)

creole

people who have Spanish parents and are born in New Spain (4th in the social classes)

mestizo

people born in Spain and have native/ indian parents (3rd in the social classes)

encomienda

land givin from the Spanish government - this allowed settlers to demand more money and labor from Natives

ithmus

a narrow piece of land that connects two larger pieces of land and it has water on both sides

Vaso Nunez de Balboa

first European to reach the Pacific Ocean

Ferdinand Magellan

circumnavigated or sailed around the world

Martin Luther

german monk who didnt like the Roman Catholic Church teachings, so he started Protestism

Samuel de Champlain

French Explorer who built off Cartiers dicoveries and establishment the 1st settlement of Port Royal and a trade post in Qubec

Marquette and Joliet

Marquette = missionary

Joliet = explorer + trader

followed St. Lawrence, Great Lakes, and The Mississipi River

Robert de La Salle

went further to the Gulf of Mexico and named it Louisiana after King Loui the 14th

Peter Minuit

Hudson River - settlement called New Amsterdam - others went further up The Hudson and started the colony New Netherlands - went back layer and established land around New Sweden

John Cabot

Italian explorer who founded Newfoundland for England (was looking for Northwestern passage)

Giovanni de Verrazano

Italian explorer who sailed east off the North American coast for France (he was looking for the Northwestern Passage)

coureur de bois

-french term meaning runners of the woods

-french people who wanted to be government free and lived on their own

Hernando Cortes

Spanish conquistador who heard of a wealthy civilization in Mexico (conquered Aztecs)

Moctezuma

Aztec Empourer

Francisco Pizarro

conquerd Incas

Atahualpa

Incan Empourer

Juan Ponce de Leon

Spanish explorer who was looking for Fountain of Youth

Bartolome de las Casas

saw the mistrestment of Native Americans and suggested using African instead