invert zo exam 2 vocab

trochophore

external fert - free-living larval stage (general)

veliger larva

specific term for trochophore - larva w velum thats lost during metamorphosis

mantle

secretes calcareous epidermal spicules, plates or shells

mantle cavity

btwn mantle and viscera - houses gills (ctenidia) or exit for excret, digest, and reprod system

foot

formed from ventral body wall muscles

ctenidia

gills - gas exchange, sometimes filter feeding, countercurrent exchange

radula

ribbon with charp chitin, teeth, in esophagus

countercurrent exchange

except squid and other cephalopods - inc efficiency for gas ex btwn blood flow in the ctendiial filaments and water flowing over

hemocoel

acts as hydrostatic skeleton in locomotion, contains open system of blood sinuses

odontophore

supports radula = buccal mass

buccal mass

the radula + odontophore complex

osphradia

paired sensory organs near gills (olfact)

giant fibers

for nervous sys - connect cerebral ganglia w musculature of mantle

metanephridia

involved in excret sys - nephrostome + renal pore (remember more advanced than protonephridia! kidneys)

nephrostome

coelomic fluid enters to kidney → via this

renal pore

(nephridiopore) - penult pee discharged through here, waste carried away by water currents

hectocotylus

mod arm that transfers sperm packets (spermatophores)

love darts

terrest pulmonate gastropods - chitinous or calcerous that thrust into partner and release hormones while sperm transferred via penis

glochidium

internal fert - larva nonswimming and shelled, external parasite on fish

pedal waves

using dorsoventral and transverse muscles along foot for movement

girdle

thick, lateral mantle with calcareous spicules

pallial groove

polyplaco unique, its like by the mantle

aesthetes

sensory structures - polyplacophora

crytalline style

part of digestive sys - releases enzymes and rotates to stir/digest, used w the gastric shield

gastric shield

end of style protrude into stomach grinds food against chitinous shield

style sac

holds one end of crystalline style, pouch w cilia that makes the rod rotate

vermiform

worm shaped

pedal groove

foot groove…im not sure

torsion

the 90-180 degree twist of visceral mass and nervous system during development (it goes from post to ant end)

operculum

protein shield on the foot (like if the animal retreats into the shell, thats the flat thing that seals it into the shell)

visceral mass

like all of the internal organs

monopectinate

gill filaments project from one side of the ctenidial axis (more advanced)

bipectinate

gills extend from both sides of ctenidial axis (primitive)

siphon

cylindrical extension from mantle that draws water via gill cilia

cerata

involved in gas exchange (most of the time), dorsal projections

rhinophores

dorsal tentacle-like structures, chemosensory, analog to osphradium of prosobranch gastropods

parapodia

flapping lateral folds of the foot

umbo

the hinge of a bivalve type (short side is ant)

suspension feeding

removing food particles from surrounding substrate

deposit feeding

ingest sediment but processing the organic material as sediment moves through the body

palp proboscides

muscular extensions of tissue around the mouth

lateral cilia

plays primary role in pushing water through mantle cavity

frontal cilia

prim function to clean gills of sediment and debris

labial palps

particle sorting

pseudofeces

the material expelled from the labial palps, material not ingested

byssus gland

unique to the lamellibranchs in foot, secretes protein attachment material

incurrent/excurrent siphon

bivalves, in and out water on post end

food string

in gills - with mucous transported by cilia to labial palps

chemoautotrophs

use chemical energy rather than light energy to use carbons from CO2

pneumostome

air or water flows in and out of lung

captacula

specialized thin tentacles that collect food particles from sediment and water

siphuncle

calcified tube and enclosed vascularized tissue that spirals from visceral mass to all shell chambers - controls liquid vol

jet propulsion

expelling water for movement!

cuttlebone

light, internal calcareous shell that functions for buoyancy regulation

pen

squid - protein sheet that doesnt do anything for buoyancy

chromatophores

colored cells that are important to color

iridocytes

reflective cells

ink sac

associated with digest system, expel from anus as a confusion tactic + mild narcotic

beak

protein and chitin tooth squid

photophores

light organs on ventral surface - bioluminescence via biochem rxns

cephalization

concentration of nervous and sensory tissues/organs in one end of animal - distinct ant and post ends

setae/chaetae

metamerism

serial rep of segments and organ systems

nephridiopore

(lowk same as renal pore) pee discharged through there into water

peristomium

digestive sys - mouth opening to the linear and unsegmented gut

pygidium

digestive sys - anal opening at posterior end of animal

acicula

specific parapodia for polychaeta - for locomotion, chitinous support rods

protostomium

where sensory tentacles are on anterior most end

elytra

overlapping protective plates that cover the body

errantia

subclass of polychaeta - obvious parapodia (mobile), carni

sedenteria

subclass of polychaeta - burrowers + secreted protective tubes, reduced or no parapodia in adults, feathery appends at the end (food catch/gills), all suspension feeders

epitoke

sexually mature male or female specialized for swimming and reproduction

clitellum

thicker cylindrical glandular region of the body

ostia

in circ system - blood enters heart from hemocoel via these (open system!)

tagmatization

specialization of groups of segments

exoskeleton

secreted by epidermal cells - outer shell of arthropods

epicuticle

outer most layer - secreted by epidermal cells, water impermeable, lipids!

procuticle

polysac chitin and protein

sclerotization

“tanning” process stabilizes proteins in exoskel to prevent degradation → growth, movement, gas ex

striated muscle

muscles contract much faster than smooth muscle → flight!!!

ecdysis

process of removing old exoskel - old cuticle degraded * new cuticle is secreted befroe old one is completely shed

ecdysteroid

hormones that stimulate motling

book lungs

primitive arachnid forms of mod, internalized book gills - flat resp surfaces in abdomen connected to outside via openings called spiracles

trachea

spiracles lead to these, a sys of tubes that branch directly into tissues → gas ex occurs w/o blood circ sys

tracheoles

the tracheae branch into these much smaller tubes into the tissues

spiracles

openings that connect book lungs to the outside, can also lead to tracheae

hemolymph

open circ sys - fluid that leaves heart through closed vessels, enters directly through ostia in heart wall

antennal glands

aka green glands - excret in crustaceans, elim of water more than discharge of nitro wastes then to gills

maxillary glands

like antennal glands, excret organs found near maxillary segments

coxal glands

excret - found in four pairs adjacent to gizzard - empty into a chamber then through coil to bladder → pee out of pores in base of last pair of legs

malpighian tubules

excret - where uric acid excret after protein metab in insects, major excret organs!

ocelli/ocellus

cup with light-sensitive surface backed by light-absorb pigment

ommatidia

units that make up a compound eye, convex shapes

compound eye

form images!

spermatophore

specialized sperm containers for arthro

biramous

appendages are two-branched

uniramous

appendages are single-branched

opisthosoma

arachnid abdomen

chelicerae

first pair of appendages for feeding

book gills

for gas ex