Integrated Review: Pharmacy, Botany, Chemistry, and Cordillera Studies

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the history of pharmacy, Philippine pharmaceutical laws and organizations, pharmaceutical botany and medicinal plants, basic chemistry, and Cordillera regional history.

Pharmakon

The Greek word meaning "medicine" or "drug," from which the word pharmacy is derived.

Hippocrates

Known as "The Father of Medicine," he proposed that disease came from natural causes rather than supernatural ones and established the theory of the four humors.

Galen

Greek physician credited with preparing the first cold cream and rose water ointment; his compounding methods are still called galenicals.

Canon of Medicine

A highly influential pharmaceutical and medical text authored by the Arab scholar Ibn Sina, also known as Avicenna.

Edict of 1240 A.D.

A landmark decree issued by Emperor Frederick II that formally separated the profession of pharmacy from medicine.

Paracelsus

Called the "Father of Pharmacology," he championed single chemical remedies over polypharmacy and introduced the dose-response concept: "The dosage makes it either a poison or a remedy."

Friedrich Sertürner

A German pharmacist who isolated morphine from opium in the early 1800s, naming it after the god of sleep, Morpheus.

PPhA

The Philippine Pharmacists Association, Inc., founded in 1920, is the only PRC-accredited national organization for licensed Filipino pharmacists.

PACOP

The Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, which represents pharmacy schools and focuses on educational standards and curriculum development.

R.A. No. 10918

The Philippine Pharmacy Act of 2016, which regulates and modernizes the practice of pharmacy in the Philippines, repealing R.A. No. 5921.

Dispensing

The total sum of processes including reading, validating, interpreting prescriptions, compounding, packaging, labeling, and counseling patients.

S-3 License

The specific license issued by the Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB) required for pharmacists who act as retailers of dangerous drugs.

Non-maleficence

One of the five core ethical principles in pharmacy, meaning the duty to do no harm.

Beneficence

The ethical duty of a pharmacist to promote good and act in the best interest of the patient.

Parenchyma

Living plant cells with thin walls responsible for photosynthesis, storage, and healing processes.

Sclerenchyma

Dead plant cells with thick, lignified walls that provide rigid support to the plant, including fibers and sclereids.

Taproot System

A root system consisting of a single main root with lateral branches, found in plants like carrots ($Daucus\,carota$) and ginseng ($Panax\,ginseng$).

Vitex negundo

The scientific name for Lagundi, a DOH-approved plant used to treat cough, asthma, and fever.

Momordica charantia

The scientific name for Ampalaya (Bitter Gourd), used clinically to manage mild Type 2 Diabetes.

Binomial Nomenclature

The two-part naming system established by Carl Linnaeus involving a capitalized Genus name and a lowercase species epithet, written in italics.

Alkaloids

Secondary plant metabolites synthesized via amino acid pathways, used as analgesics, stimulants, or antimalarials (e.g., morphine, quinine).

Decoction

A preparation method for herbal medicine involving boiling hard plant materials like roots or bark in water for $20$-$30\,\text{minutes}$.

Mass

The constant amount of matter in an object, distinct from weight, which is the force of gravity acting on that mass.

Isotopes

Atoms of the same element that have the same atomic number ($Z$) but different mass numbers ($A$) due to varying numbers of neutrons.

Boyle’s Law

A gas law stating that pressure and volume are inversely proportional at constant temperature: $P_1V_1 = P_2V_2$.

Octet Rule

The principle that atoms bond to achieve a stable configuration with eight valence electrons.

Ideal Gas Law

The equation relating pressure, volume, moles, and temperature of a gas: $PV = nRT$.

Igorot

An umbrella term for the indigenous peoples of the Cordillera, derived from the root word "golot," meaning mountain.

Ibaloy

The indigenous group that originally inhabited southern Benguet and the settlement known as Kafagway (now Baguio City); historically practiced mummification.

Juan de Placencia

The author of "Customs of the Tagalogs," which documented early Philippine native culture to assist Spanish colonial rule.

R.A. No. 9165

The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002, which regulates prohibited and regulated substances in the Philippines.

Peperomia pellucida

The scientific name for Ulasimang Bato, a plant used to lower uric acid levels in gout and arthritis.

Metals

A class of elements characterized by being good conductors, lustrous, ductile, and malleable; Aluminum ($Al$) is the most abundant in the Earth's crust.

Phloem

Vascular tissue in plants composed of living cells ($sieve\,tubes$) responsible for transporting sugars and organic compounds.

Kennon Road

The infrastructure project constructed under American rule to connect Baguio City to the lowlands, contributing to the city's multicultural development.