Ch3 Lab

ramus

armlike bar

tuberosity

rounded projection

fossa

shallow, basin-like depression

foramen

round or oval opening through a bone

crest

narrow, prominent ridge

process

any bony prominence

head

bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

groove

furrow

trochanter

large, blunt, irregular surface

line

narrow ridge of bone

meatus

canal-like passageway

facet

smooth-nearly flat articular surface

tubercle

small, rounded projection

sinus

cavity within a bone

condyle

rounded articular projection

epicondyle

raise area above a condyle

spine

sharp, slender projection

fissure

narrow slit-like opening

types of projections

process, ramus

process

projection or bump

ramus

part of a bone that forms angle with the rest of the structure

types of openings

sinus, formen, fissure, meatus, canal

sinus

chamber within a bone, normally filled with air

foramen

rounded passageway for blood vessels and/or nerves

fissure

deep furrow, cleft, or slit

meatus

passage or channel, especially the opening of a canal

canal

duct or channel

types of depressions

sulcus, fossa

sulcus

narrow groove

fossa

shallow depression

projectiones where muscles, tendons, or ligaments attach

trochanter, crest, spine, line, tubercle, tuberosity

trochanter

large, rough projection

crest

prominent ridge

spine

pointed process

line

low ridge

tubercle

small, rounded projection

tuberosity

rough projection

projections for forming joints

head, neck, facet, condyle, trochlea

head

expanded articular end of an epiphysis, often separated from the shaft by a narrower neck

neck

narrow connection between the epiphysis and diaphysis

facet

small, flat articular surface

condyle

smooth, rounded articular process

trochlea

smooth, grooved articular process shaped like a pulley

frontal bone

forms forehead region (anterior of cranium) and superior portion of orbit

bone markings of frontal bone

supraorbital foramen

glabella

supraorbital foramen

opening above each orbit for passage of nerves

glabella

smooth, depressed area between eyebrows

temporal bones

lateral bone inferior to the parietal bone

bones markings of temporal bones

external acoustic meatus

zygomatic process

styloid process

mastoid process

jugular foramen

carotid canal

internal acoustic meatus

squamous suture

suture between the parietal and temporal bones

external acoustic meatus

ear canal leading to eardrum and middle ear

zygomatic process

arched projection forming ‘cheekbone’ with facial zygomatic bone

styloid process

needlelike projection inferior to the external acoustic meatus; attachment point for neck muscles

mastoid process

attachment site for muscles

jugular foramen

oval-shaped opening medial to styloid process; passage for internal jugular vein and cranial nerves IX, X, and XI

carotid canal

opening anterior to jugular foramen and medial to styloid process for passage of internal carotid artery

internal acoustic meatus

anterior to the jugular foramen; passage for cranial nerves VII and VIII

occipital bone

posterior cranial bone forming floor of cranial cavity

bone markings of occipital bone

foramen magnum

occipital condyles

lambdoid suture

suture between the occipital and parietal bones

foramen magnum

large opening for the spinal cord to meet the brain

occipital condyles

oval projections lateral to the foramen magnum that articulate with the atlas (C1 vertebra)

sphenoid bone

keystone bone because it articulates with all other cranial bones. the bone is bat-shaped and spans the entire skull. forms posterior of orbit

bone markings of sphenoid bone

greater wings

lesser wings

pterygoid processes

superior orbital fissures

sella turcica

optic canals

greater wings

makes up orbit of eye and lateral side of skull anterior to temporal bone

lesser wings

bat-shaped portions anterior to sella turcica. best viewed on the inferior portion of internal cranial cavity

pterygoid processes

inferior projections

superior orbit fissures

opening in posterior orbit of eye for cranial nerves III, IV, V, and VI

sella turcica

medial, bony fossa that surrounds the pituitary gland (hypophyseal fossa)

[turkish saddle]

optic canals

opening in lesser wing for optic nerve to enter the eye

ethmoid bone

anterior ot the sphenoid bone and forms the roof of the nasal cavity, upper nasal septum, and one of the bones of the medial orbit wall

bone markings of ethmoid bone

cristal galli

cribriform plates

perpendicular plate

superior and middle nasal conchae

cristal galli

medial, vertical projection attaching to the dura mater to anchor the brain

[rooster’s comb]

cribriform plates

lateral to the crista galli; contains tiny openings for olfactory nerves to innervate the nasal cavity

perpendicular plate

inferior projection in nasal cavity forming the superior portion of the nasal septum

superior and middle nasal conchae

projections that extend medially into the nasal cavity. increase mucosal surface area to warm and humidify air

lacrimal bone

tiny bone, part of the medial orbit wall between the ethmoid and maxilla

lacrimal fossa

depression associated with the nasolacrimal canal

maxilla

upper jawbone and medial and inferior part of orbit. a keystone facial bone because it articulates with all facial bones except the mandible

alveolar margin

bone marking of maxilla that contains sockets for teeth

maxillary sinus

bone marking of maxilla that is the largest sinus and sits lateral to the nasal cavity

infraorbital foramen

bone marking of maxilla that is the opening below the orbit for nerves and blood vessels

mandible

the lower jaw with the only movable joint of the skull bones

mandibular condyle

bone marking of mandible that forms joint with the temporal bone (the TMJ for temporomandibular joint)

mental foramen

bone marking of mandible that is the opening lateral to the mandibular symphysis for passageway of blood vessels and nerves

mandibular symphysis

bone marking of mandible that is the depression on the midline from the mandibular fusion

alveolar margin

bone marking of mandible that is sockets for teeth

palatine bone

form posterior part of hard palate and part of orbit

horizontal plate

bone marking of palatine bone that forms the posterior 25% of the hard palate

zygomatic bone

lateral bone that makes up the ‘cheekbone’ and lateral orbit

temporal process

projects posteriorly to articular with the temporal bones zygomatic process forming the zygomatic archn

nasal bone

small, rectangular bones that make the bridge of the nose

vomer

triangular-shaped bone, medial in nasal cavity forming the posterior and inferior nasal septum

inferior nasal conchae

curved bones that extend medially into the nasal cavity to increase mucosal surface area