Class "Review" Notes

What does it mean that development is lifelong?

Development continues and changes throughout the entire lifespan.

What does correlation mean?

Two variables are related, but correlation does not prove causation.

What factors influence motor development?

Culture, maturation, practice, experience, and environmental opportunities.

What is reinforcement in behaviorism?

A consequence that increases the likelihood of a behavior.

What is punishment in behaviorism?

A consequence that decreases the likelihood of a behavior.

How does cognitive development occur?

Through actively participating and interacting with the environment.

What is the Zone of Proximal Development?

The gap between what a child can do alone and with help.

What is scaffolding?

Temporary support that gradually decreases as a child gains skill.

What does multidimensional development mean?

Development involves many areas that interact with each other.

What does contextual development mean?

Development is influenced by a person's environment and circumstances.

Is development always linear?

No. Development can progress at different rates and in different directions.

What is a genotype?

A person's genetic makeup.

What is a phenotype?

Observable characteristics influenced by genes and environment.

How do genes and environment affect development?

Both interact to influence development and individual characteristics.

What is heritability?

The proportion of trait variation in a population associated with genetic differences.

What is individualized assessment?

Assessment that considers the individual's unique abilities, needs, and challenges.

When does the germinal period begin?

At fertilization.

What is a teratogen?

A harmful environmental agent that can negatively affect fetal development.

Why is individualized care important?

People have different needs, strengths, struggles, and conditions.

What is biosocial development in infancy?

Physical growth, brain development, and motor skill development.

When are solid foods typically introduced?

Around 6 months, with transition toward solid foods by about 1 year.

What type of development involves tracking a caregiver's voice?

Sensory and perceptual development, specifically auditory development.

What should a developmental assessment include?

A broad profile of development across multiple areas.

What is sensorimotor learning?

Learning through experiences, sensory input, and motor actions.

How does play support sensorimotor learning?

It provides multisensory experiences involving movement and the senses.

Why does dropping objects help infants learn?

It helps infants discover cause-and-effect relationships.

When can children typically use a spoon independently?

Around 2 to 2.5 years old.

What does bonding help create?

A secure attachment between the infant and caregiver.

What is a holophrase?

A single word used to communicate a complete idea.

What is container baby syndrome?

Limited development from excessive time confined without opportunities for exploration.

What is attachment?

An emotional bond between an infant and caregiver.

Why is attachment important?

Secure attachment supports healthy development and future relationships.

What can occur when attachment needs are not met?

Children may experience behavioral and emotional difficulties.