Anatomy Lab 8

The lower appendage

Ilium

The large upper portion of the hip bone

Sacroiliac joint

The joint where the sacrum connects to the ilium

Iliac crest

The top curved edge of the ilium

Ischium

The lower back portion of the hip bone that supports body weight when sitting

Ischial tuberosity

The sitting bone of the pelvis where hamstring muscles attach

Ischial spine

A pointed projection of the ischium where ligaments and muscles attach

Ischial ramus

A branch of the ischium that helps form the obturator foramen

Obturator foramen

The large opening in the hip bone that allows nerves and blood vessels to pass through

Pubis

The front portion of the hip bone

Pubic symphysis

The cartilage joint where the two pubic bones meet

Pubic ramus

A branch of the pubis that helps form the obturator foramen

Pubic arch

The arch formed by the pubic bones beneath the pubic symphysis

Acetabulum

The socket in the pelvis where the femoral head fits

Femur

The thigh bone and longest bone in the body

Head of femur

The rounded top of the femur that fits into the acetabulum

Neck of femur

The narrow region connecting the femoral head to the shaft

Greater trochanter

The large projection on the upper femur where hip muscles attach

Lesser trochanter

The smaller projection on the upper femur where the iliopsoas attaches

Linea aspera

A rough ridge on the back of the femur where muscles attach

Gluteal tuberosity

A rough area on the back of the femur where the gluteus maximus attaches

Male pelvis

Generally narrower, deeper, bigger, and rougher

Female pelvis

Generally wider and shallower, with a larger pelvic opening and a wider pubic arch

Acetabular labrum

A fibrocartilage ring that deepens the hip socket and improves stability

Ligamentum teres

A ligament connecting the femoral head to the acetabulum that helps stabilize the hip

Iliopsoas

A muscle group that flexes the thigh at the hip

Iliopsoas origin?

iliac crest and lumbar vertebrae

Iliopsoas insertion?

lesser trochanter

Iliopsoas action?

flexion of thigh

Sartorius

A muscle that flexes abducts and laterally rotates the thigh and helps flex the knee

Sartorius origin?

ilium

Sartorius insertion?

proximal tibia

Sartorius action?

flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation of thigh

Adductor femoris group

A group of muscles that bring the thigh toward the body's midline

Adductor femoris group origin?

pubic ramus

Adductor femoris group insertion?

linea aspera of femur

Adductor femoris group action?

adduction of thigh

Adductor Magnus

originates on both the pubis and ischium

Adductor Longus

originates on the pubis

Pectineus

Gracilis

A thin inner-thigh muscle that flexes knee and medially rotates tibia

Gracilis origin?

rami of pubis and ischium

Gracilis insertion?

medial proximal tibia

Gracilis action?

flexion and medial rotation of tibia

Gluteus maximus

The large buttock muscle that extends and laterally rotates the thigh

Gluteus maximus origin?

posterior ilium and sacrum

Gluteus maximus insertion?

gluteal tuberosity of femur

Gluteus maximus action?

extension and medial rotation of the thigh

Gluteus medius

A muscle that abducts and medially rotates the thigh and stabilizes the pelvis

Gluteus medius origin?

lateral, posterior surface of the ilium

Gluteus medius insertion?

greater trochanter of femur

Gluteus medius action?

abduction and medial rotation of the thigh

Gluteus minimus

A muscle beneath the gluteus medius that abducts and medially rotates the thigh

Gluteus minimus origin?

lateral, posterior surface of the ilium

Gluteus minimus insertion?

greater trochanter of the femur

Gluteus minimus action?

abduct and medially rotate the thigh

Iliac spine

A bony projection on the ilium where muscles and ligaments attach

Medial condyle of femur

The rounded inner end of the femur that articulates with the tibia

Lateral condyle of femur

The rounded outer end of the femur that articulates with the tibia

Intercondylar fossa

The groove between the femoral condyles where cruciate ligaments attach

Patellar surface

The groove on the femur where the patella moves

Lateral epicondyle of femur

A projection above the lateral condyle where muscles and ligaments attach

Medial epicondyle of femur

A projection above the medial condyle where muscles and ligaments attach

Patella

The kneecap that protects the knee and improves quadriceps leverage

Tibia

The larger weight-bearing bone of the lower leg

Tibial tuberosity

A rough bump on the front of the tibia where the patellar ligament attaches

Lateral condyle of tibia

The outer upper surface of the tibia that articulates with the femur

Medial condyle of tibia

The inner upper surface of the tibia that articulates with the femur

Intercondylar eminence

A raised area between the tibial condyles where knee ligaments attach

Articular surfaces

Smooth cartilage-covered areas where bones meet at a joint

Head of fibula

The enlarged upper end of the fibula where muscles and ligaments attach

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

Prevents the tibia from moving too far forward relative to the femur

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

Prevents the tibia from moving too far backward relative to the femur

Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)

Connects the femur to the fibula and helps prevent excessive sideways knee movement

Medial collateral ligament (MCL)

Connects the femur to the tibia and helps prevent excessive inward knee movement

Meniscus

A fibrocartilage pad that cushions the knee and distributes weight

Patellar ligament

Connects the patella to the tibial tuberosity and helps extend the knee

Quadriceps

A group of four front-thigh muscles that extend the knee

All the Quadriceps have the same insertion, what is it?

patella, tibial tuberosity, lateral and medial condyles of tibia

All the Quadriceps have the same action, what is it?

knee extension

Rectus femoris

A quadriceps muscle that extends the knee and flexes the hip

Rectus femoris insertion?

anterior spine of the ilium

Vastus lateralis

The outer quadriceps muscle that extends the knee

Vastus medialis

The inner quadriceps muscle that extends the knee and helps stabilize the patella

Vastus intermedius

The deep quadriceps muscle that extends the knee

Hamstrings

Back-thigh muscles that flex the knee and help extend the hip

All the Hamstring Muscles have the same origin, what is it?

ischial tuberosity

All the Hamstring muscles have the same action, what is it?

knee flexion

Biceps femoris

A hamstring muscle that flexes the knee and laterally rotates the bent leg

Biceps femoris insertion?

head of the fibula

Semitendinosus

flexes knee, medially rotates tibia on femur when flexed, medially rotates femur when hip is extended

Semitendinosus insertion?

ischial tuberosity, medial surface of the upper tibia

Semimembranosus

flexes knee, medially rotates tibia on femur when flexed, medially rotates femur when hip is extended

Semimembranosus insertion?

lateral condyle of femur, lateral meniscus, and posterior surface of upper tibia

What are all the muscles of the anterior (FRONT) compartment of the thigh?

Sartorius, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and rectus femoris

What are all the muscles of the posterior (BACK) compartment of the thigh?

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus

Lateral malleolus

The outer ankle bump formed by the lower end of the fibula

Medial malleolus

The inner ankle bump formed by the lower end of the tibia

Distal tibiofibular joint

The connection between the lower tibia and fibula that stabilizes the ankle

Talus

The ankle bone that connects the lower leg to the foot and transfers body weight: most superior tarsal bone

Calcaneus

The heel bone where the Achilles tendon attaches