TED 309

What are the steps in the strive for five framework?

1. Teacher (Question).

2. Student (Response).

3. Teacher (Challenges).

4. Student (Response).

5. Teacher (Expands).

What are the five stages of reading development?

1. Pre-Literate.

2. Emergent.

3. Early.

4. Transitional.

5. Fluent.

What are Ehri’s phases of word learning?

1. Pre-Alphabetic.

2. Partial-Alphabetic.

3. Full-Alphabetic.

4. Consolidated.

5. Automatic.

How many reading standards are there in the Wisconsin ELA?

9 featuring both literacy and informational text.

How many writing standards are there in the Wisconsin ELA?

9.

What is the Gradual Release of Responsibility?

The gradual release of responsibility model of instruction provides the structure for work to move deliberately and purposefully.

What are some essential components of explicit teaching?

1. Connection and rationale (Background building/accessing)- Connect to previous learning/knowledge and a definition or why.

2. Explicit instruction/Teacher model (“I Do”)- Clearly model a strategy or skill.

3. Guided practice (“We Do”).

What are some essential elements for explicit teaching?

1. Posted Alphabets (at least two in the classroom).

2. Name labels.

3. Item labels.

4. Function print (calendars).

What are anchor charts?

Large charts based on classroom discussions/instruction that are created with students during the learning. Provide visual cues to develop independence. Usually a STRATEGY to support student learning.

What are some characteristics in the pre-alphabetic phase in Ehri’s phases of word learning?

Little or no knowledge of letter-sound relationships. Recognizes familiar words using visuals or contextual cues, such as logos, pictures, color, or word shape.

What is phonological awareness?

The ability to distinguish and manipulate units of sound in spoken language. These sound units include words, syllables, onset-rime units, and individual phonemes.

Why do we teach phonological awareness?

Sounds come before symbols: Children must hear that “cat” = /c/ /a/ /t/.

What are some good examples of how phonological awareness should be taught?

1. Should be explicit.

2. Should be systematic i.e. progress from easier to more difficult.

What are some examples of phonological awareness across the emergent classrooms?

1. Morning meeting: Name games, sound-of-the-day, routines, rhymes, and songs.

2. Shared reading: Notice rhyme, syllables, alliteration, and sound patterns in poems and big books.

3. Literacy stations: Play-based practice with listening, matching.

What is syllable deletion?

The ability to say a word after taking away one of its syllable parts. It is an oral phonological-awareness skill: students listen to and manipulate word parts without needing to see letters or print.

What is the simple view of reading, and what is an example within the context of teaching literacy?

Reading comprehension is the product of decoding and language comprehension. In literacy teaching this means that students need both word-level skills and overall language understanding to truly understand a text.

What is morphology, and what is an example within the context of teaching literacy?

The study of how words are formed and how their internal parts carry meaning. In literacy this teaches students to break down words into morphemes.

What is semantics, and what is an example within the context of teaching literacy?

The branch of linguistics and logic that studies meaning in language, signs, and symbols. An example of this in teaching literacy would be semantic mapping.

What is scaffolding?

An instructional teaching strategy where support is gradually removed as a learner gains independence.

What is an example of the term scaffolding within the context of teaching literacy?

Providing temporary, structured support to help students master reading and writing skills, and then gradually removing that help as they grow more independent.

What is implicit instruction?

A teaching method where students learn concepts, skills, or rules indirectly through exposure, experiences, and problem-solving, rather than through direct explanation.

What is an example of the term implicit instruction within the context of teaching literacy?

When a teacher writes a list of rhyming words like bat, cat, and hat on the board and asks students what they notice, letting them discover the rhyming on their own instead of directly stating the rule.

What are anchor charts, and what is an example within the context of teaching literacy?

Visual instructional tools co-created by teachers and students during a lesson to record key concepts, strategies, or rules and displayed in the classroom for ongoing reference. In the context of teaching literacy, an anchor chart turns abstract reading and writing strategies into concrete, visible tools that stay hung on the classroom wall.

What is concept of word (word awareness)?

The foundational ability to understand that spoken sentences are made up of individual, separate words.

What is an example of the term concept of word (word awareness) within the context of teaching literacy?

A child learns that spoken sentences are made up of individual, separate words.

What is rhyme recognition?

The ability to hear and determine whether two or more words end in the same vowel and consonant sounds.

What is an example of the term rhyme recognition within the context of teaching literacy?

A student listens to spoken words and identifies whether they share the same ending sound.

What is rhyme repetition?

The recurring use of identical or similar ending sounds in words, usually at the ends of lines in poetry or song lyrics.

What is an example of the term rhyme repetition within the context of teaching literacy?

Reading a predictable, rhyming story like The Cat in the Hat and pausing before the final rhyming word to let children fill it in.

What is alliteration?

A literary device that repeats the same consonant sound at the beginning of neighboring or close words.

What is an example of the term alliteration within the context of teaching literacy?

Repetition of the same initial sound in nearby words.

What are three guiding principles/considerations about concept of print?

1. Use familiar books or popular culture (interest).

2. Student choice in the book.

3. Books representing student culture.

What is phoneme identification?

The ability to hear, recognize, and isolate the individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken words.

What is an example of the term phoneme identification within the context of teaching literacy?

Identifying the middle short ‘a’ sound (/a/) in the word cat.

What is phoneme isolation?

The foundational ability to identify specific individual sounds (phonemes) within a spoken word.

What is an example of the term phoneme isolation within the context of teaching literacy?

A teacher asks a student what the first sound in a word is.

What is phoneme blending?

The foundational reading skill of combining individual speech sounds (phonemes) together to form a whole word.

What is an example of the term phoneme blending within the context of teaching literacy?

A teacher plays “robot talk,” saying sounds separately, and asks students to guess the word.

What are elkonin boxes?

Visual instructional tools used to help children break spoken words down into their individual sounds (phonemes).

What is an example of the term elkonin boxes within the context of teaching literacy?

A visual and tactile instructional tool used in literacy teaching to help children segment spoken words into individual sounds, or phonemes.

What is phonemic awareness?

The ability to distinguish and manipulate individual phonemes.

What are some characteristics in the Early-Alphabetic phase of development?

1. Some letter-sound correspondence.

2. Mastery of phonological skills and start of phonemic awareness (initial sound).

What are some principles of phonemic awareness?

1. Focus on one or two skills per lesson.

2. Integrate manipulatives to help support student learning.

3. Pronounce the sounds in a way that ensures they are “blendable.”

4. Essential for later letter-sound correspondence.

5. Students need to hear phonemes before they can map them to print.

What is syllable identification?

The process of recognizing and breaking down spoken or written words into their individual units of sound, known as syllables.

What is an example of the term syllable identification within the context of teaching literacy?

The practice of having a student listen to, segment, or count the individual vowel-centered “beats” or chunks in a spoken word to help with decoding and spelling.

What is syllable blending?

The ability to combine separate word parts (syllables) into a complete spoken word.

What is an example of the term syllable blending within the context of teaching literacy?

A teacher asks a student to combine the parts cup and cake to make cupcake.

What is syllable segmentation?

The phonological awareness skill of breaking a spoken word into smaller parts or beats around each vowel sound.

What is an example of the term syllable segmentation within the context of teaching literacy?

A teacher says the word “happy” aloud and has the students clap or tap for each individual syllable.

What are some key phonemic awareness skills?

1. Identification- Recognize a particular sound in a spoken word. “What is the first sound in sun?” - /s/.

2. Segmentation- Break a spoken word into its individual sounds. “What sounds do you hear in map?” - /m/ /a/ /p/.

3. Blending- Combine individual sounds to form a spoken word. “What word is /s/ /u/ /n/?” - sun.

What is an example of a phonemic awareness tool?

Elkonin Boxes- Children move one counter into each box as they segment a word. Example- ship - /sh/ /i/ /p/ - three sounds, three boxes.

What is phoneme segmentation?

The process of breaking a spoken word down into its individual speech sounds (phonemes).

What is an example of the term phoneme segmentation within the context of teaching literacy?

A teacher says the word “dog”, and the student orally stretches or segments the word into three distinct sounds: /d/ - /o/ - /g/.

What is phoneme addition?

A phonological awareness skill where you add an additional sound (phoneme) to an existing spoken word to create a completely new word.

What is an example of the term phoneme addition within the context of teaching literacy?

A student inserts a new individual sound (phoneme) into an existing spoken word to create a completely new word.

What is phoneme deletion?

An advanced phonemic awareness skill that involves removing a specific speech sound (phoneme) from a spoken word to create a new word or remaining sound.

What is an example of the term phoneme deletion within the context of teaching literacy?

A teacher asks a student to say the word “speck”, and then asks them to say it without the /s/ sound.

What is phoneme substitution?

The act of replacing one sound (phoneme) in a spoken word with another sound to create a completely new word.

What is an example of the term phoneme substitution within the context of teaching literacy?

A teacher asks a student to say the word cat. Then the teacher asks the student to change the /k/ sound at the beginning to /h/.