2.1.3 Eukaryotic cells 1 - common cellular structures

cytoplasm

jelly like liquid that makes up the bulk of the cell and contains the organelles

nucleus

an organelle containing the nucleic acids DNA(The genetic material) and RNA as well as protein, surrounded by a nuclear envelope with paws

protoplasm

The cytoplasm and nucleus combined

what is the ultra structure

The detailed organisation of the cell only visible using the electron microscope

chromatin

The granular combination of DNA bonded to a protein found in the nucleus when the cell is not actively dividing

nucleolus

extra dense area of almost pure DNA and protein found in the nucleus involved in the production of ribosomes and control of growth and division

mitochondria

rodlike structures within inner and outer membranes that are the sites of aerobic respiration producing ATP to release energy

Cristae

The infoldings of the inner membrane of the mitochondria which provides a large surface area for the reactions of aerobic respiration

eubacteria

True bacteria(Prokaryotic organism)

what is the endosymbiotic theory

it’s a theory that suggests that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as independent prokaryotic organisms that began living symbiotically inside other cells as endosymbionts

Centrioles

bundles of tubules found near the nucleus and involved in cell division by the production of a spindle of microtubules that move the chromosomes to the end of the cell

spindle

assess of overlapping protein microtubules running the length of the cell, formed as the centrioles pull apart in mitosis and meiosis

cytoskeleton

A dynamic 3-D like structure made up of microfilaments and microtubules that fills the cytoplasm and gives it structure keeping the organelles in place and enabling cell movements and transport within the cell

microfilaments

protein fibres that Make up part of the structure of the Cytoskeleton

microtubules

tiny protein tubes about 20 nm in diameter that make up part of the structure of the cytoskeleton

vacuole

fluid filled cavity within the cytoplasm of a cell surrounded by a membrane

contractile vacuoles

vacuoles that can fill an empty to help control the concentration of the cytoplasm of simple threshold animals