pharm insulin

Insulin aspart classification

Rapid-acting insulin

Insulin aspart onset

10–20 minutes

Insulin aspart peak

1–3 hours

Insulin aspart duration

3–5 hours

Insulin aspart administration

SubQ or insulin pump

Insulin aspart timing

SubQ 5–10 minutes before a meal

Insulin aspart mixing

May be used with intermediate- or long-acting insulin; do not mix with glargine

Insulin lispro classification

Rapid-acting insulin

Insulin lispro onset

10–15 minutes

Insulin lispro peak

30–90 minutes

Insulin lispro duration

3–5 hours

Insulin lispro administration

SubQ or insulin pump

Insulin lispro timing

Within 15 minutes before a meal or immediately after a meal

Insulin lispro mixing

May be used with intermediate- or long-acting insulin; do not mix with glargine

Human regular insulin classification

Short-acting insulin

Human regular insulin onset

30–60 minutes SubQ

Human regular insulin peak

2–4 hours SubQ

Human regular insulin duration

5–7 hours SubQ

Human regular insulin administration

SubQ or IV

Human regular insulin timing

Administer approximately 30 minutes before meals

Human regular insulin specification

The only insulin listed in the course material that can be given IV

Human regular insulin mixing

Can be mixed with NPH

NPH insulin classification

Intermediate-acting insulin

NPH insulin onset

1–2 hours

NPH insulin peak

4–12 hours

NPH insulin duration

18–24 hours

NPH insulin timing

Coordinate meals and snacks with the insulin peak

NPH insulin mixing

Can be mixed with regular insulin

NPH insulin appearance

Cloudy

Insulin glargine classification

Long-acting/basal insulin

Insulin glargine onset

Approximately 1.5 hours

Insulin glargine peak

No peak

Insulin glargine duration

Approximately 24 hours

Insulin glargine administration

SubQ

Insulin glargine timing

Administer consistently as prescribed for basal coverage

Insulin glargine mixing

Do not mix with any other insulin

Insulin detemir classification

Long-acting/basal insulin

Insulin detemir onset

Approximately 1–2 hours

Insulin detemir peak

No pronounced peak

Insulin detemir duration

Approximately 18–24 hours

Insulin detemir administration

SubQ

Insulin detemir mixing

Do not mix with other insulin

Insulin degludec classification

Ultra-long-acting/basal insulin

Insulin degludec onset

Approximately 1.5 hours

Insulin degludec peak

No peak

Insulin degludec duration

Up to 43 hours

Insulin degludec administration

SubQ

Insulin degludec mixing

Do not mix with other insulin

Premixed 70/30 insulin composition

70% NPH and 30% regular insulin

Premixed 50/50 insulin composition

50% NPH and 50% regular insulin

Regular insulin appearance

Clear

Insulin administration site precaution

Rotate sites within the same general area

Insulin injection precaution

Do not aspirate insulin injections

Insulin pump insulin type

Rapid-acting insulin

Afrezza administration

Inhaled insulin

D50 administration

IV push for severe hypoglycemia

Glucagon administration

IM for severe hypoglycemia when the patient cannot safely take oral carbohydrates

Hypoglycemia blood glucose

Below 70 mg/dL

Hypoglycemia initial treatment

Give a simple sugar, then a complex carbohydrate and protein

Fasting blood glucose normal

Approximately 70–100 mg/dL

Fasting blood glucose desired

Below 100 mg/dL

Fasting blood glucose prediabetes

100–125 mg/dL

Fasting blood glucose diabetes

126 mg/dL or higher

Random glucose diagnostic value

200 mg/dL or higher with classic symptoms indicates diabetes

2-hour oral glucose tolerance test normal

Below 140 mg/dL

2-hour oral glucose tolerance test prediabetes

140–199 mg/dL

2-hour oral glucose tolerance test diabetes

200 mg/dL or higher

Hemoglobin A1C normal

Below 5.7%

Hemoglobin A1C prediabetes

5.7–6.4%

Hemoglobin A1C diabetes

6.5% or higher

Hemoglobin A1C time period

Reflects average glucose control over approximately 3 months