Chapter 10

1) The study of the muscular system is known as

myology

Which of the following is not a function of the muscular system?

Secretion

What term best describes the relationship between the pronator quadratus and supinator?

Antagonists

Muscle fibers are arranged in bundles called

fascicles

Which of the following describes muscular tissue emerging directly from bone rather than being separated from it by an obvious tendon?

Direct attachment

The rectus femoris is an example of what muscle shape?

Pennate

Groups of muscles are separated by which of the following?

Fascia

Which term below best describes the deltoid?

Intrinsic

Which term best describes the relationship of the deltoid and SITS muscles during shoulder abduction?

Synergists

10) The semitendinosus is an example of what muscle shape?

Fusiform

Which of the following muscles is the prime mover for inhalation?

Diaphragm

Which of the following extensors of the head is the most superficial?

Trapezius

13) The occipital and frontal bellies of occipitofrontal are connected via the

galea aponeurotica

14) Which of the following muscles of facial expression is not innervated by the facial nerve?

D) Levator palpebrae superioris

A point of convergence for several muscles of the lower face is the BLANK

modiolus

The BLANK attaches to the zygomatic arch and also to the angle of the mandible.

masseter

17) Which one of these muscles helps to open the mouth (depress the mandible)?

Digastric

18) The palatoglossus is innervated by which nerves)?

Accessory and vagal

19) Which of the following muscles of mastication would be responsible for mandibular elevation?

Temporalis

20) The aponeurosis of the external oblique forms the BLANK at its inferior margin.

inguinal ligament

21) The deepest muscle of the abdominal wall is the BLANK

transverse abdominal

While sitting at your desk, you drop your pencil onto the floor. You bend over to pick up the pencil. In order to straighten up and continue your exam you must use ,which of the following muscles?

Erector spinae

23) Which of the following muscles is not externally visible on the trunk of the body?

Transverse abdominal

Unilateral contraction of which muscle causes ipsilateral flexion of the lumbar vertebral column?

Quadratus Lumborum

In lifting a heavy weight from the floor, one should use the power of the BLANK in order to avoid straining the lower back.

knee and hip extensors

In a whiplash injury, the neck undergoes forced hyperextension then hyperflexion, injuring multiple muscles in the neck. Which of the following muscles would be injured during the hyperextension phase of the injury?

Sternocleidomastoid

Tendinous intersections divide the into segments that are externally visible on the abdomen of a well-muscled person.

rectus abdominis

The rectus abdominis is a BLANK muscle, while the rectus femoris is a BLANK muscle.

parallel; bipennate

Which of the following correctly states the proximal and distal attachments of the sternocledomastoid?

Sternal manubrium and medial one-third of clavicle; mastoid process and lateral half of superior nuchal line

The muscles that laterally rotate and depress the scapula, as in shrugging and lowering the shoulders, are the

trapezius and serratus anterior

Which cranial nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius?

Accessory

Which muscles) of respiration is(are) innervated by the phrenic nerve?

Diaphragm

After taking their wedding vows, a bride and groom often ceremonially use which of the following muscles before walking away from the altar?

Orbicularis oris

Which muscle attaches to the manubrium and the thyroid cartilage, and aids in singing low notes?

Sternothyroid

Some people suffer involuntary urination due to incompetence of what muscle?

External urethral sphincter

36) A sacral fracture affecting the S3 and S4 nerve roots would result in a person having difficulty with evacuation of the bowels.

True

A baseball pitcher who injures one of their SITS muscles most commonly sustains tears to the tendon of which muscle?

Supraspinatus

Which of the following is true regarding the levator scapulae?

It flexes the neck if the scapula is fixed.

Which of the following is an intrinsic muscle of the hand?

B) Adductor pollicis

The serratus anterior is innervated by which nerve?

c) Long thoracic

Which muscle acting on the arm assists in deep inspiration?

Pectoralis major

A butcher who cuts the distal portion of their fingers may cut the BLANK tendon

flexor digitorum profundus

43) When a nurse draws blood, it is not uncommon for the needle to penetrate which muscle near the cubital region?

c) Pronator teres

The antagonist to the triceps brachii is the

biceps brachii

45) Which of the following best describes the insertion of the extensor digitorum?

It indirectly inserts on all digits of the hand except the thumb.

Tennis elbow is a common term describing injury to the attachment of which of the following?

Extensor carpi radialis longus

An injury that results in complete functional loss of the ulnar nerve will affect which of the following muscles?

Abductor digiti minimi

Carpal tunnel pressure is sometimes relieved by surgically excising part or all of which structure?

Flexor retinaculum

49) What is the longest muscle in the human body?

Sartorius

50) Which of the following muscles is in the medial compartment of the thigh?

Adductor longus

51) Which of the following muscles attaches on the head of the fibula?

Biceps femoris

52) Which muscle is innervated by the tibial nerve?

Semimembranosus

Which of the following muscles is responsible for medially rotating the tibia on the femur when the knee is flexed?

Semitendinosus

54) Which of the following muscles adducts and medially rotates the thigh?

c) Adductor magnus

55) Which of the following muscles is innervated by the obturator nerve?

Gracilis

Injury to the deep fibular nerve would cause inability to extend one's toes.

True

The triceps surae consists of three muscles in the lower limb.

False

A clinician induces contraction of the gastrocnemius and soles and notices that the foot does not plantar flex as expected. Which of the following would be a logical diagnosis?

Ruptured calcaneal tendon

59) A weightlifter sustains a crushing injury to their foot. After a couple weeks, they begin to notice that they cannot bend the little toe on their right foot. Which of the following would be a logical diagnosis?

Atrophy of the flexor digiti minimi

60) An out of shape middle-aged insurance salesperson accepts a friend's invitation to a pickup asketball game. When attempting a jump shot, they fall to the ground in pain, grasping at heir calf. There is an enormous bulge in their leg immediately below the popliteal fossa, anc they are unable to plantar flex that foot. Most likely they have injured their BLANK and the bulge is BLANK

calcaneal tendon; their triceps surae

61) An Olympic sprinter readies for a race. After the sound of the starting gun, they propel themselves forward from the starting block and immediately grimace in pain, grabbing for the back of their thigh. Within 48 hours they begin to notice extensive bruising on the back of their thigh extending down behind their knee. They have difficulty standing from a seated position and flexing their knee, and bending at the waist generates more pain. Which muscle is likely injured?

Bicep Femoris

62) After childbirth, a woman begins experiencing tremendous pain in her groin, making it difficult for her to walk. An X-ray shows a fracture extending from her symphysis pubis to the inferior ramus of the pubis. As a result of the fracture, which group of muscles might be impaired?

Thigh adductors

63) A skydiver's parachute fails to deploy but after some struggle, their reserve chute opens in time to save their life. However, their landing is harder than normal and they feel their knee slightly hyperextend. Later that day they begin experiencing knee pain. Two days later they notice that their knee "pops" when they crouch and soon discover they have dislocated their femur. Which muscle was likely initially injured?

Popliteus

64) A skateboarder falls and lands directly on their buttocks and lower back. They do not feel much pain and continue skating. After a couple of days they begin experiencing right hip pain and notice their right foot and leg are rotated to the right. A doctor diagnoses a muscle spasm. Which of the following muscles is most likely causing the leg and foot rotation?

Piriformis

An BLANK muscle is contained within a region whereas an BLANK muscle acts upon one region but has an attachment elsewhere.

intrinsic; extrinsic

You hear a loud noise behind you and look back over your left shoulder. Which of the following is true?

This was a contralateral contraction of your right sternocleidomastoid muscle.

Short ribs are a cut of beef often used for barbeque. "Back ribs" are taken from the area near the spine where the meat tends to be thinner. Which muscle forms the meat on this type of ribs?

Intercostal muscles

What is a retinaculum?

A band of connective tissue that covers and stabilizes a group of tendons

The skeletal muscles are innervated by.

spinal nerves and cranial nerves

Which of these muscles attaches to both the thyroid cartilage of the larynx and to the hyoid bone?

Thyrohyoid

Based on this figure, which two muscles have direct attachments?

The brachialis and the lateral head of the triceps brachii

Based on this figure, which two muscles have indirect attachments?

The biceps brachii and the long head of the triceps brachil

72) The muscles of the head and neck are innervated by the

cranial nerves

What is the action of the depressor labii inferioris?

Lowers the bottom lip

What is the action of the flexor digiti minimi bevis?

Flexes the smallest finger

What Type of Muscle is this?

Fusiform

What type of muscle is this?

Parallel

What type of muscle is this?

Triangualr

What type of muscle is this?

Rectus Femoris

What type of muscle is this?

Deltoid

Name the layer of connective tissue labeled 1.

Fascia

Name the layer of connective tissue labeled 2.

Epimysium

Name the layer of connective tissue labeled 3.

Perimysium

Name the arm muscle labeled 1.

Long head of triceps brachii

Name the arm muscle labeled 2.

Lateral head of triceps brachii

Name the arm muscle labeled 3.

Biceps brachii

Name the arm muscle labeled 4.

Brachialis

Name the facial muscle labeled 1.

Orbicularis oculi

Name the facial muscle labeled 2.

Zygomaticus minor

Name the facial muscle labeled 3.

) Zygomaticus major

Name the facial muscle labeled 4.

Masseter

Name the facial muscle labeled on 5

Orbicularis oris

Together the group of muscles shown here is referred to as the BLANK

Rotator cuff

Use your three-dimensional understanding of arm anatomy to identify the muscle labeled 1 in this figure.

A) Biceps brachii

Use your three-dimensional understanding of arm anatomy to identify the muscle, labeled 2 in this figure

Brachialis

Use your three-dimensional understanding of arm anatomy to identify the muscle, Labeled 3 in this figure

Triceps brachii

The structure labeled 1 is an example of BLANK

a retinaculum

Based on their position and attachments, how would you classify the muscles shown here?

Adductors

What is the name of the muscle highlighted in purple?

Illiacus

What is the name of the muscle highlighted in purple ?

Psosas Major