Biology Vocab #8

Aerobic respiration

Cellular process that uses oxygen to make ATP.

Anaerobic respiration

Energy production without oxygen.

NADH/FADH2

Electron carriers that deliver high-energy electrons to the ETC.

Electron transport chain

Series of proteins that transfer electrons and help produce ATP.

Glycolysis

Breaks glucose into two pyruvate molecules in the cytoplasm.

Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

Breaks down acetyl CoA to produce electron carriers and CO2.

Oxidative phosphorylation

Produces ATP using the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis.

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Directly transfers a phosphate group to ADP to make ATP.

Chemiosmosis

Movement of H+ ions through ATP synthase to produce ATP.

ATP synthase

Enzyme that uses the flow of H+ ions to make ATP.

Mitochondria

Organelles where most cellular respiration occurs.

Cristae

Folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane that increase surface area.

Mitochondrial matrix

Fluid-filled space inside the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Phosphofructokinase (PFK)

Enzyme that controls an important step in glycolysis.

Pyruvate

Three-carbon molecule produced during glycolysis.

Glucose

Six-carbon sugar that is the main starting molecule for cellular respiration.

Acetyl CoA

Molecule that carries acetyl groups into the Krebs cycle.

Limiting reagent

Reactant that runs out first and limits how much product is made.