Chapter 14 BBP & Universal Precautions

Bloodborne Pathogens (BBPs)

Pathogenic microorganisms present in human blood and body fluids that cause disease.

Infectious Disease

Invasion of a host by a pathogen that stimulates an immune response.

Four Common Pathogens

Bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi.

Direct Transmission Methods

Body surface contact, droplet spread, and fecal-oral spread.

Mechanical Defenses

Physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes that block pathogen entry.

Acquired Immunity

Immunity developed artificially through vaccination or passively through antibody injections.

Sporadic Disease

Occasional occurrence of a disease.

Endemic Disease

Regular occurrence of cases within a specific region.

Epidemic

An unusually high number of disease cases in a specific region.

Pandemic

A global epidemic of an infectious disease.

Major Bloodborne Pathogens in Sports

Hepatitis B (HBV), Hepatitis C (HCV), and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).

Hepatitis B

Attacks liver, results in lifelong infection, cirrhosis, liver cancer ,liver failure, and death. Spreads from unprotected sex or sharing needles

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

A retrovirus that infects T cells, B cells, and monocytes/macrophages.

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) on HIV Athletes

Prohibits discrimination against HIV-positive athletes without objective medical evidence of risk.

Protocol for Active Bleeding in Sports

Remove athlete from play immediately and cover open wounds before returning.

Bloody Uniform Protocol

Change immediately before the athlete can return to participation.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Latex gloves, gowns, masks, eye protection, and disposable resuscitation mouthpieces.

Post-Exposure Procedure Steps

Confidential medical evaluation, documenting exposure route, source identification, and blood testing.

Which of the following is not a way to prevent the spread of BBP

Wearing firefighter gear to class

3 multiple choice options

Once a protective glove is potentially contaminated, which of the following should not be touched prior to discarding the glove

None of these should be touched with a potentially contimated glove

2 multiple choice options