apwh 4.1

primogeniture laws

gave all of estate to eldest son

omani-european rivalry

• europeans faced comp from middle eastern traders basen in kingdoms like oman, where portuguese set up forts but were repeatedly challenged by tries to remove them

• 1 reason for christopher columbus’ search for a new route to india

maritime empires

• empires based on sea travel

• spain, portugal, england, france, & holland became through extensive trade

prince henry the navigator

• portuguese ruler who was leading european figure in naval dvlpmt

• nvr sailed far enough out to lose sight of land but strongly supported nav

• financed expeditions along africa’s atlantic coast & around cape of good hope

• caused portugal to explore african coastal communities before other europeans

astronomical chart

• any map of the stars & galaxies

• relied on by mariners to guide ships’ direction

astrolabe

let sailors determine how far north or south they were from equator

compass

the primary direction finding device used in nav

magnetic compass

let sailors steer ship in right direction & was discovered by mariners in china & europe in 12th century

lateen sail

• triangular ship sail

• pivotal piece of tech the significantly affected medieval nav & trade