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primogeniture laws
gave all of estate to eldest son
omani-european rivalry
europeans faced comp from middle eastern traders basen in kingdoms like oman, where portuguese set up forts but were repeatedly challenged by tries to remove them
1 reason for christopher columbus’ search for a new route to india
maritime empires
empires based on sea travel
spain, portugal, england, france, & holland became through extensive trade
prince henry the navigator
portuguese ruler who was leading european figure in naval dvlpmt
nvr sailed far enough out to lose sight of land but strongly supported nav
financed expeditions along africa’s atlantic coast & around cape of good hope
caused portugal to explore african coastal communities before other europeans
astronomical chart
any map of the stars & galaxies
relied on by mariners to guide ships’ direction
astrolabe
let sailors determine how far north or south they were from equator
compass
the primary direction finding device used in nav
magnetic compass
let sailors steer ship in right direction & was discovered by mariners in china & europe in 12th century
lateen sail
triangular ship sail
pivotal piece of tech the significantly affected medieval nav & trade