Data Quality, Ethics, and Management Information Systems

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering data quality dimensions, integrity controls, governance roles, legal and ethical frameworks, the CIA Triad, and classification of management reports.

Accuracy (Data Quality)

A dimension of data quality indicating that data correctly reflects reality, such as invoice amounts matching source documents.

Timeliness (Data Quality)

A dimension of data quality where data is available when needed, such as transactions posted prior to period-end close.

Completeness (Data Quality)

A dimension of data quality where no records or fields are missing, such as ensuring every sale has a customer and tax code.

Relevance (Data Quality)

A dimension of data quality describing how well data fits the decision at hand, such as cost data segmented by department for budget control.

Audit Trails

Information system controls that record and log who changed what data and when the change occurred.

Reconciliations

Data integrity controls that compare subledgers directly to the general ledger.

Data Owner

A senior manager accountable for a specific data domain, such as the Finance head owning general ledger data.

Data Steward

An operational role responsible for enforcing standards and resolving data quality issues day to day.

Data Custodian

The IT team responsible for securing, storing, and backing up data.

Data Dictionary

A standard data asset containing agreed definitions, formats, and rules across the organization.

Data Privacy Act (RA 10173)

Philippine privacy legislation enforced by the National Privacy Commission (NPC).

GDPR

European Union regulation that applies to any entity handling the personal data of EU residents.

CCPA/CPRA

California privacy legislation that grants consumers specific rights to know, delete, and opt out regarding their data.

HIPAA

United States health regulation designed to protect patient health information.

Proportionality and Minimization

A core data protection principle mandating that organizations collect only the data that is strictly needed.

Confidentiality (CIA Triad)

The security principle ensuring that only authorized personnel are permitted to see data.

Integrity (CIA Triad)

The security principle ensuring that data remains accurate and unaltered by unauthorized changes.

Availability (CIA Triad)

The security principle ensuring that systems and data remain accessible whenever needed.

Management Information System (MIS)

A system that collects, processes, and stores business data, turning it into useful reports for managerial decision-making.

Periodic (Scheduled) Reports

Reports produced at fixed intervals (daily, weekly, monthly, or yearly) using a standard format to display routine performance and trends.

Exception Reports

Reports generated only when results fall outside set limits, comparing actual results with standards to flag problems early and save time.

Demand (On-Demand) Reports

Unscheduled reports produced upon a manager's request to supply current, specific information, often through a system query.

Push Reports

Reports sent to users automatically according to a predefined schedule or triggered by an event, such as an emailed daily sales summary.

Pull Reports

Reports requested and retrieved by users directly when they need them, such as running an on-demand customer balance report.

Detail Reports

Fine-grained reports listing every individual transaction or item, primarily used by operational managers for verification.

Summary Reports

Reports that condense data into totals to present key figures and trends, designed for middle and top managers.

Drill-Down Reports

Reports commonly used in dashboards that allow users to move from high-level summaries down to underlying details to investigate the causes of results.

Strategic Reports

Trend, forecast, and summary reports tailored for top managers to assist in strategic planning.

Tactical Reports

Monthly performance and variance reports designed for middle managers to monitor and control operations.

Operational Reports

Daily detailed and exception reports used by supervisors for day-to-day oversight.