Maternal and Antepartal Care Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering maternal health, physical/endocrine changes during pregnancy, signs of pregnancy, GTPAL, and antepartal assessments.

First Trimester

The gestational period spanning weeks $1-12$ ($6/7$ weeks gestation).

Second Trimester

The gestational period spanning weeks $13-27$.

Third Trimester

The gestational period spanning weeks $28-40$.

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)

The most common form of violence against women, with an incidence that increases during pregnancy.

TOLAC

Trial of labor after Cesarean section (C/S).

VBAC

Vaginal birth after Cesarean section (C/S).

Goodell's Sign

Softening of the cervix; considered an objective, probable sign of pregnancy.

Chadwick's Sign

Bluish-purple discoloration of the cervix; considered an objective, probable sign of pregnancy.

Hegar's Sign

Softening of the uterus; considered an objective, probable sign of pregnancy.

Linea Nigra

Dark vertical pigmentation of the abdomen occurring as a skin change during pregnancy.

Facial Chloasma

Facial hyperpigmentation occurring as a skin change during pregnancy.

Supine Hypotensive Syndrome

Dizziness and nausea caused by lying on the back during pregnancy; managed by turning the patient and then checking blood pressure.

Pyrosis

Heartburn experienced during pregnancy due to gastrointestinal changes.

Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy

Subjective signs experienced and reported by the woman (e.g., amenorrhea, nausea/vomiting, excessive fatigue, breast changes) that may have causes other than pregnancy.

Probable Signs of Pregnancy

Objective signs detected by an examiner (e.g., Goodell's sign, Chadwick's sign, Hegar's sign, enlargement of abdomen, Braxton Hicks, positive pregnancy test) that can still have causes other than pregnancy.

Positive Signs of Pregnancy

Diagnostic signs caused only by pregnancy, including auscultation of fetal heartbeat, fetal movement felt by examiner, and visualization of the fetus.

Couvade

Physical response experienced by a partner/father during pregnancy, characterized by fatigue, difficulty sleeping, and weight gain.

Rubin's Tasks of Pregnancy

Four maternal psychological tasks: 1) Ensure safe passage through pregnancy, labor, & birth, 2) Seeking acceptance of child by others, 3) Seeking commitment & acceptance of self as mother to infant (binding in), and 4) Learning to give of oneself on behalf of one's child.

GTPAL System

Obstetrical assessment acronym: G = Gravida (# of pregnancies), T = Term (deliveries $\ge 37$ weeks), P = Preterm (deliveries between $20$ & $36\,6/7$ weeks), A = Abortions (spontaneous or therapeutic), L = Living children.

Naegele's Rule

Method for estimating due date from the first day of the Last Menstrual Period (LMP): subtract $3$ months and add $7$ days.

McDonald's Method

Method used to measure fundal height during pregnancy.

Gestational Diabetes Screening

Prenatal screening test performed between $24-28$ weeks gestation.

Weight Gain Recommendation (Underweight)

Recommended weight gain of $18-40\,\text{lbs}$ during pregnancy for underweight status.

Weight Gain Recommendation (Normal Weight)

Recommended weight gain of $25-35\,\text{lbs}$ during pregnancy for normal weight status.

Weight Gain Recommendation (Overweight)

Recommended weight gain of $15-25\,\text{lbs}$ during pregnancy for overweight status.

Weight Gain Recommendation (Obese)

Recommended weight gain of $11-20\,\text{lbs}$ during pregnancy for obese status.

Prolactin

Endocrine hormone responsible for lactation during pregnancy and postpartum.

Hypercoagulability in Pregnancy

Physiologic change producing a hypercoagulable state associated with increased clotting frequency during pregnancy.