American Government

who are the group of people who believe naturally cooperative and capable of creating free and decent societies without need for government

the anarchist

what principle of a principled democracy protects the rights and freedoms of groups that are not part of the majority?

minority rights

What principle of procedural democracy means that the decision supported by more than half of the voters is accepted as the outcome?

Majority rule

Who are the people who respond to citizens that are organized into groups

Pluralism

What is the number one political value for Americans and Australia?

Freedom

What is the essence of Constitutionalism?

The restraint of political power

According to Hobbes what is the primacy of order by illustrating what life would be like if government did not exist?

claims that life in the state of nature would be struggle for survival or a perpetual state of war

what would life be like in the state of nature according to hobbes?

Chaos, the state of war; would be a struggle for survival or a perpetual state of war

Who are the authors of the federalist paper

james Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay

What was the strongest arguments of the Anti-Federalists in calling for the rejection of the sonstitution?

It lacked the bill of rights

How many amendments are added to the constitution

27 amendments

Why is it difficult to change the constitution?

1st: There are two stages; 2/3rd majorities in both houses of congress must pass an amendment

2nd: 3/4ths majorities of the states must ratify the amendment adding it to the constitution

Who is the father of the constitution

James Madison because of his pivotal role in drafting and promoting the U.S. constitution and the bill of rights

What is federalism?

Federalism is the Constitutional division of power between the national government and the states

What percentage of the world is federal?

10%

Who does California have relationships with?

California has both relationships, the state has a federal relationship with the national government and a unitary relationship with its 58 countries

in what political culture that we find a belief that politics is a good thing to improve the community?

The West; Political culture type: Moralistic

Distinguish between the intuitive and referendum

If the person who propose is

referendum: representatives

Initiative: People through signature gathering

How many states have the initiative referendum recall?

only 19 have them 31 do not.

Individualistic culture

politics is a business to get things for yourself and your followers

is a culture that emphasizes individual freedom, independence, personal goals, and self-reliance

How many governors have been recalled by the voters of California?

Only 1

According to Elazar what cultural type does California have?

Mix of moralism and Individualism (MI)

What was the important thing about this case? (McCulloch vs. Marlyland

It strengthened the power of the federal government

What amendment created the federal income tax?

16th amendment

What helped corporate

16th amendment

The most common grant federal is _____?

categorical

What is the largest grant program in 2024

Medicaid with a budget of 517.5 billion

what were three grant programs?

highways, childhood nutrition programs, and disaster relief

What is Concurrent

Powers that belong to both the national government and the states (power of taxation)

What is the term when the U.S. government declares war?

Enumerated power; congress has the enumerated power to declare war

What is Reserved?

The powers that belong to the state, states could choose what to do (ex. establish speed limit)

what is an Implied power?

powers that are not directly written in the constitution but are reasonably necessary to carry out the federal government’s enumerated powers

According to the all important supremacy clause article 6;

federal laws are supreme over conflicting safe laws

Supremacy clause= federal law wins when it conflicts with state law

What is important thing about this case (McCulloch v. Maryland)

Marshall ruled that Congress could charter a national bank, this is the case that established the doctrine of implied power. Supreme court ruled for the first time that the national government did indeed have powers that extend beyond the literal language of the process

What constitutional provision did Roger Tammy, and both protect eh power of the states?

10th amendment

what is the biggest difference between dual and cooperative federalism?

big difference, how much the federal government works together (the relationship)

what is Dual federalism?

the dominant view of the great depression

separates the federal and state government

what is Cooperative federalism

the national government and the states are primarily partners with shared powers and responsibilities.

What program does the U.S. associate with the rise of cooperative federalism?

A new deal

what amendment created the federal income?

16th amendment

What big grand program do we associate with the Eisenhower administration?

the interstate highway act

what president do we associate the creation of the most new grant programs?

Lyndon Johnson

what did Richard Dixon and Bill Clinton take?

They both took a managerial view of federalism, they both wanted to make federalism to be more efficient

What type of grant did Richard Nixon advocate?

Block Grants

what did Ronald Regan want?

he wanted to return programs to state and local control like Nixon, but he wanted them to assume more of the costs

what did Ronald Regan advocate for?

categorical grants

Currently What is the largest federal grant program?

Medicaid

Montesquieu influenced Madison with twitching the following idea

checks and balances

what was the 1st proposed direct act of theology?

Stamp Act (1765)

how did the British see the colonies before the revolution?

they viewed them as if the colonies were part of the empire and should obey Britain.

Who wrote the declaration of the independence

Thomas Jefferson