Ch5 lecture

Fungi

Uni-cellular or multicellular saphrophytes, aerobic or facultatively anaerobic chemoheterotrophs

what are fungi cell walls made of

chitin

what are hyphae (fungi)

individual strands

what are mycelium

mass of hyphae that forms fungal body

how are fungi classified

reproductive structures (asexual vs sexual)

two types of fungal spores

-sporangiospores (asexual)

-zygospores (sexual)

features of mold (3)

-multicellular

-reproduce by spores

-dry colonies

features of yeast

-unicellular

-reproduce by budding

-shiny colonies

baker’s yeast

-facultative anaerobe (ethanol fermentation)

-unicellular

-reproduces through budding

famous mold example

penicillium

type of pathogenic fungi (respiratory disease)

aspergillus sp.

type of pathogenic fungi (oral thrush)

candida albicans

type of pathogenic fungi (athletes foot)

Tinea pedis

type of pathogenic fungi (ringworm)

tinea corporis

type of pathogenic fungi (Ohio Valley Fever)

-Histoplasmosis

-lung disease

-has hyphae in environment, grows as yeast in lungs (dimorphic fungus)

Kingdom protista

-mostly unicellular eukaryotes

-algae are in this kingdom (photoautotrophs)

-Protozoa = animal like protists (chemoheterotrophs)

Main protozoan groups

-Flagellates

-Amoebae

-Ciliates

-Apicomplexa

2 Protozoan forms

-Trophozoite (active, reproducing, feeding)

-Cyst (inactive, dormant)

Parasitic Flagellates (is an STD)

-Trichomoniasis

Parasitic Flagellates (intestinal illness)

-Cyst survives in water contaminated in feces

-Once reaches small intestines turns into trophozoite

Trypanosoma cruzi

-Chagas disease

-Infection occurs through vector

-trypomastigote = extracellular stage, amastigote = intracellular stage

Parasitic amoeba

-use pseudopods to move

-amoebic dysentery, amoebic encephalitis

parasitic apicomplexians

-complex life cycles

-some have flagella for motility

-examples = toxoplasma gondii

cryptosporidium

-parasitic apicomplexians

-has trophozoites and cysts

-spread through fecal contamination and water

-invades intestinal lining

toxoplasmosis

-parasitic apicomplexians

-intracellular parasite

-cyst found in tissue/shed in feces

-cats are primary host (humans aren’t hosts but can infect fetus)

Parasite that causes malaria

Anopheles sp.

Malaria life cycle

Mosquito transmits sporozoites to human, which travel to liver, merozoites emerge form liver, infect RBC, and then different forms are released in blood (where mosquitos can gather infected blood)

Parasite

Eukaryotes, multicellular, motile, aerobic, usually non-pathogenic

two types of parasites to know

flatworm, roundworm

flatworm examples

tapeworm, liver fluke, blood fluke

roundworm examples

hookworm, heartworm, pinworm, trichinella

vector

animal that can transmit disease from one host to another