Other bio II

Gamma phosphate group

(1) tri-phosphate ATP

Alpha phosphate group

(3) tri-phosphate ATP

Beta phosphate group

(2) tri-phosphate ATP

Adenine

ATP

Cellular respiration

process that breaks down glucose molecules for energy

Glycolysis

Cellular respiration (1)

Citric acid cycle

Cellular respiration (2)

Oxidative phosphorylation

Cellular respiration (3)

Where Glycolysis

cytoplasm

Where Citric acid cycle

mitochondrial matrix

Where Oxidative phosphorylation

mitochondrial inner membrane

Glycolysis start and end

glucose → pyruvate

Citric Acid Cycle start and end

pyretic acid → acetyl CoA

Oxidative phosphorylation start and end

ADP → ATP

Chemiosmosis

flow of hydrogen ions across the mitochondrial membrane through ATP synthase

Interphase

cell cycle (1)

Mitotic phase

cell cycle (2)

Cell cycle

ordered series of events involving cell growth and cell division that produces two new daughter cells

What’s interphase?

cell grows and DNA is replicated

What’s mitotic phase?

replicated DNA and cytoplasmic contents are separated and cell divides

Interphase (1)

G1 phase (cell growth)

Interphase (2)

S phase (DNA synthesis)

Interphase (3)

G2 phase (cell growth)

Mitotic phase (1)

mitosis (division)

Mitotic phase (2)

cytokinesis (separation)

Cell cycle checkpoints

internal control mechanisms at which the cell cycle can be stopped if conditions are not met

Checkpoint 1

G1

Checkpoint 2

G2-M Transition

Checkpoint 3

metaphase

G1 checks for

cell reserves, size, DNA damage

G2 checks for

chromosome replication, replicated DNA damage

M checks for

sister chromatids correctly attached to the spindle

Gene mutation

changes to the DNA nucleotide sequence