Introduction to Chemistry and Particle Theory of Matter

Vocabulary flashcards covering the definition of matter, John Dalton's particle theory of matter, states of matter, phase transitions, and physical and chemical properties from the introductory chemistry lecture.

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume).

Energy

Non-matter phenomena such as light, heat, and sound that do not have mass and cannot be weighed.

John Dalton

The historical scientist credited with formulating the particle theory of matter and explaining how particles behave.

Particle Theory of Matter

A scientific model stating that all matter is made of tiny particles, particles of a single substance are identical, particles are constantly moving, and particles experience attraction forces that strengthen as they get closer together.

Solid

A state of matter where particles are tightly packed, have strong attractive forces, only vibrate, and have a rigid, definite shape and volume rather than adopting the shape of their container.

Liquid

A state of matter where particles are close together with strong attraction but no fixed shape, allowing the substance to flow, take the shape of its container, and expand when warm or contract when cool.

Gas

A state of matter whose particles are spaced far apart and move rapidly, with very weak attraction forces, having no fixed shape and the ability to fill its container, expand, or be compressed.

Sublimation

The phase change in which a substance transitions directly between the solid and gas states without passing through a liquid state.

Physical Properties

Observable characteristics used to describe a substance, including temperature, malleability, color, odor, shape, ductility, and density.

Chemical Properties

Characteristics related to a substance's chemical composition and how it interacts with other substances, including flammability, toxicity, and reactivity.