history test: french, haitian & industrial revolution

cause & effects of the french revolution:

causes: unfair laws/pay, lack of food, laws corrupt leaders, high taxes, different opinions

effects: new leaders, economy fall, broken country, unstable & divided government, ppl rebel

5 bodies of government during the french rev:

1. monarchy - King Luis XVI
2. National Assembly - Tennis Court Oath, Declaration of Rights of Man and of Citizen, constitutional monarchy 3. National Convention - republic, abolishes monarchy
4. The Directory
5. Napoleon - overthrew directory

impacts of the French revolution:

constitutional monarchy created, effected the Haitian revolution (Dec. of Rights of the Man and of the Citizen)

enlightenment thinkers during the french rev:

1. Voltaire - attacked catholic church bc he believes in freedom of religion, expression & separation of church & state/ wrote a play named 'Brutus' -> showed a tyrannical gov
2. John Rousseau - wrote the social contract that argued against monarchs and said only ppl have the right to govern
3. John Locke - wrote the Treaties of Gov: life liberty & property can't be taken away from anyone

Robespierre

leader of the National Convention/ responsible for the reign of terror/ overtaken by the Directory/ executed

The Reign of Terror

thousands tried and executed bc they were suspected of political crimes (going against the Revolution & supporting the monarchy)
SIG: enforced so that people wouldn't lash out and try to overthrow Robespierre which creates stability

Napoleon's reign

lieutenant of the French artillery/ overthrew the directory/ took away women's rights/ pardoned ppl's crimes/ restored catholic church as the only religion in France/ invades Russia & gives up throne in 1814

how does the Haitian Revolution connect to the French Revoultion?

lowest classes are oppressed, enlightenment thinking, Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen affects ppl of France and Haiti, political instability, French rebellion & slave revolt, France abolishes slavery & Napoleon re establishes it

Code Noir

legally regulated slavery
SIG: slaves were provided only minimal standards of humane treatment/ granted freed ppl the same rights as whites

Tossaint L'Ouverture

former slave who was named Spanish officer of the Haitian rebellion then switches back to France
SIG: emancipated slaves in Saint Domingue

War of Haitian Independence

fight for independence and abolishment of slavery/ 1st successful slave revolt in history

importance of Haitian Rev:

only successful slave revolt in history, spread shock & fear for slaveholding societies, spread the idea that liberty & equality apply to all ppl

why was Great Britain the perfect spot for the Industrial Rev?

water supply, political stability, good banking system, lots of coal, wealthy ppl

causes of the industrial rev:

1. emergence of capitalism
2. stable government - created a good banking system/ ppl were able to focus on entrepreneurship
3. agricultural revolution - long lasting effects of this rev. affected the industrial rev (crop rotation)
4. access to coal - powered machines in factories

effects of the industrial rev:

environmental damages (pollution, toxic gases from coal use), child labor, increased poverty, bad tenement, decrease in education, poor work conditions

what were the changes made in farming during the industrial revolution?

crop rotation, improved livestock (larger animals bred= more food), mechanized farming allowed for faster farming

inventions during the industrial revolution:

1. shuttle - John Kay
2. spinning wheel - James Hargreaves
3. water frame - Richard Arkwright
4. spinning mule - Samuel Crompton
5. power loom - Edmund Cartwright
6. cotton gin - Eli Whitney
7. steam engine- James Watt

environmental impacts during the industrial revolution:

lots of trees cut down, pollution, toxic gases released into air from coal usage, soot lined windows, acid rain, water no longer clean

transatlantic slave trade

raw materials especially cotton are brought to British factories
SIG: caused industrial development/ boosted economy/ new inventions/ more jobs for ppl

what were living standards like for the working class?

not sanitary, packed housing, not being payed enough, not enough food or clean water, no privacy

estates general

representative body of 3 estates in France
SIG: body of government

National Assembly

french representative body formed in 1789, consisted of mainly the 3rd estate, Mountains were responsible for this assembly

Thermidorian Reaction

reaction to violence of the Reign of Terror
SIG: resulted in the execution of Robespierre, The Directory is formed

Napoleonic Code

french civil code, equality of all male citizens and ensured absolute security of wealth & property
SIG: women's rights are taken away, pardoned ppl's crimes, restored the catholic church as religion in France

Concordat of 1801:

french catholics practice freely, Napoleon nominated bishops and paid clergy
SIG: brought in income but striped away freedom of religion & speech

Grand Empire

Napoleon & allies ruled, encompassed all of Europe except Great Britain
SIG: kingdoms were dependent while Austria, Prussia and Russia were independent allied states/Britain supports attacks against France and blockade against French goods which hurt the working class

Social Contract

argued against the monarch & stated only ppl have the right to govern
SIG: acted as the Bible of the French Revolution as most ppl agreed with it

Treaties of Government

life, liberty & property could never be taken away from someone
SIG: inalienable rights for all ppl

Industrial Revolution

period of increased output of goods made by machines and inventions
SIG: drastic changes were made/new farming method/ affected ppl's living conditions/ caused environmental changes

industralization

process of developing machines & goods
SIG: started in Great Britain and spread across Europe

enclosure movement:

wealthy landowners buy land & rent fields to families to work
SIG: small farms disappear and ppl get jobs

crop rotation

crops that wear out soil are planted one year and the next year crops that replenish soil are planted
SIG: improved livestock, triggered migration effect

entrepreneurs

person who organizes, manages & takes business risks
SIG: made inventions/ pushed society to be modern/ brought in income

factory act of 1833

limited hours of children over 9 and banned employing younger than 9
SIG: didn't stop child labor

Mines Act of 1842

prohibited underground work for all women and girls/boys under 10
SIG: attempted to protect the abuse of children through labor/ encouraged education

separate spheres

women stayed at home to be caretakers
SIG: only one person bringing in income as poverty increased