Hormone Practice M3

If cortisol is high what happens to upstream hormones

1. CRH decreases

2. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) decreases

If cortisol is low what happens to upstream hormones

CRH increases

ACTH increases

Thyroid Hormone chain

Hypothalamus: Thyroid Releasing Hormone (TRH)

↓

Anterior Pituitary: Thyroid Stimulating hormone (TSH)

↓

Endocrine Gland: Thyroid gland produces Thyroid Hormone

↓

Final hormone: Thyroid hormone ↑ metabolic rate

Cortisol hormone chain

Hypothalamus: Corticotropic Releasing Hormone (CRH)

↓

Anterior Pituitary: Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

↓

Endocrine Gland: Adrenal Gland

↓

Final hormone: Cortisol ↑ Stress response

IGF hormone chain

Hypothalamus: Growth Hormone releasing/inhibiting Hormone (GHRH) or (GHIH)

↓

Anterior Pituitary: Growth Hormone (GH)

↓

Endocrine Gland: Liver makes growth hormone

↓

Final hormone: gh or igh

Sex Hormones

Hypothalamus: Gonadrotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

↓

Anterior Pituitary: Luteinizing or Follicle Stimulating hormone (LF/FSH)

↓

Endocrine Gland: Ovaries/testes

↓

Final hormone: Sex hormones

Prolactin hormone chain

Hypothalamus: Prolactin Releasing/inhibiting Hormone (PRH or PIH)

↓

Anterior Pituitary: prolactin

↓

Edocrine Gland: Breast

↓

Final hormone: Milk production

Problem is Secondary or Primary?

1. Primary: problem is at final endocrine gland

2. Secondary: Problem is upstream, sop pituitary or hypothalamus

What does Corticotropic Releasing Hormone (CRH) Stimulate

Anterior pituitary to release Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

What does Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulate

The adrenal cortex to release cortisol.

What does Thyroid Stimulating hormone (TSH)

The Thyroid Gand to release Thyroid Hormone (TH)

What does Gonadrotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) stimulate?

The Anterior pituitary release of Luteinizing or Follicle Stimulating hormone (LH/FSH)

If the final hormone is low what happens upstream?

Hypothalamus and/or anterior pituitary gland will increase tropic hormone production

if Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) rises what happens to cortisol?

Cortisol rises bc ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex gland

What is a primary secretion disorder?

what is a secondary recreation disorder

1. Primary: the Final endocrine gland is malfunctioning causing abnormal hormone levels due to intrinsic issues.

2. Secondary: The Hypothalamus or Pituitary is malfunctioning

Primary cortisol hypersecretion: CRH, ACTH , cortisol?

CRH ↓, ACTH ↓ , cortisol ↑

Secondary ACTH- driven cortisol hypersecretion levels

CRH ↓ , ACTH ↑, cortisol ↑ *bc hyper means excess and secondary means upstream to end hormone

Why is CRH low and ACTH secreting pituitary tumor?

Because hyper ACTH production is ↑ cortisol, Cortisol is sending a negative feedback loop to the hypothalamic CRH stop producing. But the tumor is causing ACTH to malfunction messing with the negative feedback loop completion

Why is ACTH stay high despite high cortisol in the case of a tumor?

Because the tumor on the pituitary keeps secreting ACTH

How do you solve a hormone disorder question?

You identify which hormone is malfunction bc of tumor and where in the feedback loop it is.