Araling Panlipunan 8 - Summative Test 2 Reviewer

Vocabulary review flashcards covering key historical figures, events, and concepts from the French Revolution, Meiji Restoration, South American revolutions, Back to Africa Movement, and World War I.

French Revolution (1789)

A major event in the history of France starting in 1789 that challenged the monarchy's power and promoted liberty, rights, and equality among citizens.

First Estate (Unang Estado)

The social class in pre-revolutionary France composed of priests and other members of the clergy.

Second Estate (Ikalawang Estado)

The social class in pre-revolutionary France composed of the nobility (nobles).

Third Estate (Ikatlong Estado)

The social class composed of common citizens, including peasants, workers, and the bourgeoisie, who formed the largest share of the population and paid the majority of taxes despite having few privileges.

Louis XVI

The King of France when the French Revolution broke out, who was later tried and executed using the guillotine.

Fall of the Bastille (Pagbagsak ng Bastille)

The event on July 14, 1789, where a prison and fortress in Paris was seized, becoming a symbol of resistance against monarchical abuse.

Declaration of the Rights of Man

A revolutionary document that recognized the natural rights and equality of citizens.

Guillotine

The execution instrument used to execute King Louis XVI following his trial.

Napoleon Bonaparte

The military and political leader who took charge of France following the turmoil of the Revolution and subsequently became emperor.

Meiji Restoration (1868)

The return of power to the Emperor of Japan in 1868, aiming to end the rule of the shoguns and reform the governance of the nation.

Shogun

A military leader who held supreme governing authority in Japan prior to the Meiji Restoration.

Daimyo

Powerful feudal land-owning lords in Japan.

Samurai

Warriors who served leaders and feudal lords in Japan.

Ronin

A samurai without a master or daimyo to serve.

Expedition of Matthew Perry (1853)

An expedition sent by America to Japan in 1853 to open Japanese ports to foreign trade.

Spain and Portugal

The primary European nations that colonized and ruled over large portions of South America prior to the revolutions.

Jose de San Martin

A revolutionary leader who made significant contributions to the liberation and independence of Argentina, Chile, and Peru.

Back to Africa Movement

A movement that encouraged people of African descent to return to Africa, promoting unity, dignity, and appreciation for their heritage and culture.

Marcus Garvey

The leader who championed unity and advancement for people of African descent and founded the UNIA.

UNIA

The abbreviation for the Universal Negro Improvement Association, an organization founded by Marcus Garvey.

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

The pivotal event that served as the spark (mitsa) that triggered World War I.

Militarism

The policy of aggressively strengthening armed forces and preparing for war.

Imperialism

The expansion of a country's power, influence, and control over other foreign territories.

Nationalism

Intense pride and loyalty toward one's country, which can intensify rivalries and conflict between nations.

Triple Entente

The pre-World War I alliance formed by Britain, France, and Russia.

Triple Alliance

The pre-World War I alliance whose original core members were Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.