Arithmetic Reasoning (EXAMPLES)

A car travels 240 miles in 4 hours. Average speed?

240 ÷ 4 = 60 mph

A plane flies 450 miles at 150 mph. How long?

450 ÷ 150 = 3 hours

A paints a room in 6 hours, B in 3 hours. How long together?

1/6 + 1/3 = 1/2 → 2 hours

What is 15% of 80?

0.15 × 80 = 12

Jacket costs $80, marked down 25%. Sale price?

80 × 0.75 = $60

Price is $60 after 20% increase. Original price?

60 ÷ 1.20 = $50

Ratio of boys to girls is 3:5. 24 boys. How many girls?

24 × (5/3) = 40

Average of 5 scores is 84. Total of the scores?

5 × 84 = 420

Bought for $40, sold for $55. Profit percent?

15 ÷ 40 = 0.375 → 37.5%

3/4 of a number is 48. What is the number?

48 ÷ (3/4) = 64

Recipe needs 2 cups flour for 8 servings. How much for 12?

2/8 = x/12 → x = 3 cups

Sum of three consecutive integers is 48. Middle number?

n + (n+1) + (n+2) = 48 → middle = 16

Tank is 3/5 full. Add 12 gallons and it is 4/5 full. Capacity?

1/5 of capacity = 12 → capacity = 60 gallons

$2000 at 5% simple interest for 3 years. Interest earned?

2000 × 0.05 × 3 = $300

Rectangle length 12, width 5. Perimeter and area?

Perimeter = 34, Area = 60

Circle radius 7. Area using π = 22/7?

(22/7) × 49 = 154

Side of a square is doubled. What happens to the area?

Area becomes 4 times larger

Train travels 90 miles in 1.5 hours. How far in 4 hours at same speed?

Rate = 60 mph → 60 × 4 = 240 miles

Two numbers in ratio 2:5, sum is 63. Find the numbers.

2x + 5x = 63 → x = 9 → 18 and 45

Scores 78, 85, 91. What fourth score gives average of 85?

Needed total = 340 → 340 − 254 = 86