Thẻ ghi nhớ: IEI-AD-People & Personality

indecisive (adj)

Sub-topic: Character, psychology.

Not good at making decisions.

(He was markedly ...................., changing his mind repeatedly and putting off decisions.)

apprehensive (adj)

Sub-topic: Character, psychology.

Feeling worried about something that you are going to do or that is going to happen.

(Parents who are .................... about the possibility of their children developing autism after having an MMR vaccine may avoid getting their children vaccinated.)

assertive (adj)

Sub-topic: Character, psychology.

Someone who is assertive behaves confidently and is not frightened to say what they want or believe.

(More able students were more ........... and confident and often used the teachers' suggestions as a starting point for their own changes.)

cynical (adj)

Sub-topic: Character, psychology.

Believing that people are only interested in themselves and are not sincere.

(.................... people say there is no such thing as true love.)

egotistical (adj)

Sub-topic: Character, psychology.

Thinking only about yourself and considering yourself better and more important than other people.

(His celebrity and wealth have allowed him to indulge his whims to such an extent that the most .......... Roman emperors, by comparison, seem models of psychological stability.)

gullible (adj)

Sub-topic: Character, psychology.

Easily deceived or tricked, and too willing to believe everything that other people say.

(I do not believe that ordinary men and women today are nearly so .......... that they require bribes to give their votes.)

self-confident (adj)

Sub-topic: Character, psychology.

Behaving calmly because you have no doubts about your ability or knowledge.

(I had learned to be ..................... as a Marine, to believe that I could succeed even in the hardest battle.)

self-conscious (adj)

Sub-topic: Character, psychology.

Nervous or uncomfortable because you are worried about what people think about you or your actions.

(The principal difference between ourselves and our ancestors is that they took society as they found it while we are ........... and perplexed.)

tactful (adj)

Sub-topic: Character, psychology.

Careful not to say or do anything that could upset someone.

(His election proved a turning-point in the history of the country, which, under his beneficent and ......................... guidance, became peaceful and prosperous and, in some respects, a model state.)

well-liked (adj)

Sub-topic: Character, psychology.

Liked by many people.

(The general characteristics of peer competence were that a child was .................... by others and had clear, identifiable, mutual friendships.)

self-absorbed (adj)

Sub-topic: Character, psychology.

Only interested in yourself and your own activities.

(Henry is so .......... it's a miracle anyone bothers with him at all. )

well-adjusted (adj)

Sub-topic: Character, psychology.

A well adjusted person is reasonable and has good judgment and theirbehaviour is not difficult or strange.

(Ideally, the parents and child in the relationship are happy, .................... and mutually supportive, which increases the chances of having a positive experience with co-parenting.)

self-assured (adj)

Sub-topic: Character, psychology.

Having confidence in your own abilities.

(My philosophy is to create a nurturing environment where all students feel confident and ......................)

well-behaved (adj)

Sub-topic: Character, psychology.

Behaving in a way that is accepted as correct.

(The fans were ..................... , and the game was played without incident.)

well-bred (adj)

Sub-topic: Character, psychology.

Speaking or behaving in a way that is generally considered correct and polite.

(None but the .......................... man knows how to confess a fault, or acknowledge himself in an error.)

well-brought-up (adj)

Sub-topic: Character, psychology.

People, especially children, who are well brought up are polite and act in a quiet and pleasant way, because they have been taught this behaviour at home.

(Despite the family's problems, the children were well..........)

self-centred (adj)

Sub-topic: Character, psychology.

Only interested in yourself and your own activities.

(Any marriage where one partner is selfish or ................... is not fulfilling the pattern of Christian marriage.)

congratulatory (adj)

Sub-topic: Character, psychology.

Expressing or offering praise, approval, or pleasure, often because someone has done or achieved something special.

(Can he get them to realise that their present, somewhat narcissistic practice of ..................... self-contemplation is not enough? )

self-congratulatory (adj)

Sub-topic: Character, psychology.

Praising yourself or saying how well you have done something.

(The main weakness of the tradition is an attitude of campy superiority, one that can quickly become ..............................)

deprecating (adj)

Sub-topic: Character, psychology.

Showing that you feel embarrassed, especially by praise.

(She reacted to his compliments with a .......... laugh.)

self-deprecating (adj)

Sub-topic: Character, psychology.

Trying to make yourself, your abilities, or your achievements seem less important.

(He also had a sense of humour, which, it must be said, sometimes was ...........)

well-educated (adj)

Sub-topic: Character, psychology.

Having had a good education.

(People who though not .......... are practical and enterprising and may well have exercised their right to buy.)

self-important (adj)

Sub-topic: Character, psychology.

Believing that you are more important or have a higher value than other people.

(His sense of humour, always in evidence, made it impossible for him to seem pompous or ........................., and he never attempted to disguise his own fallibility as a human being.)

well-informed (adj)

Sub-topic: Character, psychology.

Having a lot of knowledge or information about a particular subject or things in general.

(Some ........................ practitioners are highly sceptical of the reliability of corporate betas based on historical data.)

well-mannered (adj)

Sub-topic: Character, psychology.

Behaving in a pleasant and polite way.

(She is a very ................ and polite young woman who engages well with all and particularly contributed to great teamwork with her male classmates.)

self-reliant (adj)

Sub-topic: Character, psychology.

Not needing help or support from other people.

(Attention to physical cleanliness was very important, with many being proud and .......... .)

well-rounded (adj)

Sub-topic: Character, psychology.

Involving or having experience in a wide range of ideas or activities.

(She describes herself as a ".......... individual" who works hard but has a varied social life)

decisive (adj)

Sub-topic: Character, psychology.

Able to make decisions quickly and confidently, or showing this quality.

(Six months ago, with the vaccine rollout proceeding smoothly and case numbers falling, Biden and his aides could envision a .......... victory.)

spontaneous (adj)

Sub-topic: Characteristic.

Acting in an open and natural way, without worrying about what you say or do.

(His jokes seemed .........., but were in fact carefully prepared beforehand.)

spontaneity (n)

Sub-topic: Characteristic.

A way of behaving in which you do what feels natural and good whenever you want to, rather than planning things first.

(The film allows the director ample space for his visual imagination to freewheel with dazzling ......................... and inventiveness.)

happy-go-lucky (adj)

Sub-topic: Characteristic.

Not caring or worrying about the future.

(Likewise, childlike behaviour can also be free, fun-loving, intuitive and happy-..................)

down-to-earth (adj)

Sub-topic: Characteristic.

Sensible and realistic in things you say or think.

(She's a .......... woman with no pretensions.)

chatterbox (n)

Sub-topic: Characteristic.

A person, especially a child, who talks a lot.

(Echo was a ............................... and teller of tales, and many of her stories were lies about the other nymphs and the gods and goddesses.)

chatty (adj)

Sub-topic: Characteristic.

Liking to talk a lot in a friendly, informal way.

(She is a .......... girl at home, but out in company she has been reclusive and has only just started to talk to children.)

give sth a go/have a go/give sth a try

Sub-topic: Characteristic.

To be prepared to try something.

(I have never swum before. I'm going to give .......... .)

within reason

Sub-topic: Characteristic.

According to what is practical, possible or sensible.

(A citizen has only to act ........................rather than familiarise himself with the law as it applies to him in all areas of life.)

be drawn to sb/sth

Sub-topic: Characteristic.

To be attracted to something.

(I am strongly .......... the simple life and am often oppressed by the feeling that I am engrossing an unnecessary amount of the labour of my fellow-men.)

considerate (adj) = thoughtful

Sub-topic: Characteristic.

Always thinking about other people's wishes and feelings.

(Some reported a change in their own behavior toward their spouses, such as being more .......... and less argumentative.)

inconsiderate (adj)

Sub-topic: Characteristic.

Not thinking or worrying about other people or their feelings.

(Our neighbours are very .......... - they're always playing loud music late at night.)

integrity (n)

Sub-topic: Characteristic.

The quality of being honest and having strong moral principles.

(Experience teaches us that ..................... may be compromised for convenience or to avoid unpleasant consequences.)

pretentious (adj)

Sub-topic: Characteristic.

Trying to appear important, intelligent, etc. to impress others.

(The novel deals with grand themes, but is never heavy or .......... .)

attribute (n)

Sub-topic: Characteristic.

A quality or feature of sb/sth.

(Organizational ability is an essential .......... for a good manager.)

shrewd (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

Having or based on a clear understanding and good judgment of a situation, resulting in an advantage.

(He was .......... enough not to take the job when there was the possibility of getting a better one a few months later.)

gifted = talented (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

Having special ability in a particular subject or activity.

(Much of the Hamilton era has been defined by the utter superiority of his Mercedes team, which consistently supplied the most .......... driver of this generation with the fastest car.)

brainy (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

Intelligent.

(On educational grounds, it makes a vitally important contribution to the professions and it trains, as we have described them, the .......... boy or girl.)

daft (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

Silly or stupid.

(My head's still spinning and I don't want to make myself look .................. so I'm keeping schtum.)

half-witted (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

Foolish or stupid.

(But sometimes it's intelligent to be ............ : if you want to make your end.)

dim (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

Not very clever.

(I try convincing a couple of girls driving in to back out and go back in again, but they are too ................. to understand.)

tense = wound-up = stressed-out (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

Nervous and worried and unable to relax.

(On the whole, Brewer's impression is that Nunavummiut are pretty laid back about the issue, although she also acknowledges that some are pretty.......................... about it.)

worked-up (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

Upset or very excited about something.

(He was very .......... about seeing his family again after so many years.)

sociable (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

Sociable people like to meet and spend time with other people.

(Men were naturally ...................., and sovereignty was established for the common good..)

gregarious (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

(of people) liking to be with other people.

(He was always a.................... and sociable person and loved to set up opportunities for people from all walks of life to come together.)

quarrelsome (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

A quarrelsome person repeatedly argues with other people.

(By now his hostile rhetoric has carried him beyond the self-discipline of consistency, and he becomes merely .....................and captious.)

argumentative (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

Often arguing or wanting to argue.

(Some reported a change in their own behavior toward their spouses, such as being more considerate and less .......... .)

sadistic (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

Getting pleasure, sometimes sexual, by being cruel to or hurting another person.

(For my 41st birthday, an especially ........... buddy gave me a video of me falling off my skateboard nearly 160 times.)

even-tempered (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

Always calm and never angry or too excited about anything.

(We also find that being .........., as opposed to moody, has a modest impact on voter turnout, while having no statistical impact on interest.)

laid-back (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

Relaxed in manner and character; not usually worried about other people's behaviour or things that need to be done.

(I've never seen her worried or anxious in any way - she's so .......... .)

ill-mannered (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

Rude and unpleasant.

(I cannot help observing that that is the kind of bad-tempered and .......... comment which has no place whatever in a debate of this kind.)

discourteous (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

Rude and not considering other people's feelings.

(I felt it was .......... of him to leave immediately after his talk.)

obstinate (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

Unreasonably determined, especially to act in a particular way and not to change at all, despite what anyone else says.

(Did not their .......... attitude in rejecting selectivity result in a temporary shortage of machinery for some categories of cloth?)

stubborn (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

A stubborn person is determined to do what he or she wants and refuses to do anything else.

(Louise was not the first to posit the idea of a miniature horse ancestral to the Arab; but she was the only one ....................enough to prove it.)

pig-headed (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

Showing unreasonable support for an opinion or plan of action and refusing to change or listen to different opinions.

(Both are endangered by our ignorance, greed, nationalism and .......... refusal to look ahead more than a year or two.)

thrifty/economical (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

Showing a careful use of money, especially by avoiding waste.

(Retailers will need to rethink their strategies as .......... shoppers demand price-competitive goods.)

stingy (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

Unwilling to spend money; small in amount.

(My dad usually was ...................... with money, and had never given me more than twenty dollars for shopping before in my life.)

tight-fisted (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

Unwilling to spend money.

(To ensure that cash flow and productivity gains aren't blown away by stormy conditions, ...........................managers are squeezing value out of every cent.)

arrogant (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

Unpleasantly proud and behaving as if you are more important than, or know more than, other people.

(You were the smartest kid in that sophomore class by far, but with a modesty that set you apart from many of your .......................... classmates.)

full of yourself (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

Thinking that you are very important in a way that annoys other people.

(You might need to guard against becoming too full ..................... or overly self-interested, however.)

miserly (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

Like or typical of a miser.

(My brother, who is notoriously ..........., surprised us when he offered to pick up the tab.)

unconventional (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

Different from what is usual or from the way most people do things.

(While controlling for all the significant variables, .......... behavior did play an important role at a number of developmental stages.)

peculiar (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

Unusual and strange, sometimes in an unpleasant way.

(There are times when a............... social awkwardness seizes me and I detach from a group forsaking my usual loquaciousness.)

frank = direct = open (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

Honest, sincere, and telling the truth, even when this might be awkward or make other people uncomfortable.

(To be perfectly .........., I don't think you are as well qualified as some of the other candidates.)

blunt (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

Saying what you think without trying to be polite or considering other people's feelings.

(I'll be .......... - that last piece of work you did was terrible.)

abrupt (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

Using too few words when talking, in a way that seems rude and unfriendly.

(Most patients were content with their care, the determining feature of discontent being a doctor seen as rude, ....................., or unsympathetic.)

brusque (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

Quick and rude in manner or speech.

(His ability was unquestioned, but his.................and abrasive manner aroused hostility which probably hampered his early career.)

curt (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

If someone's manner or speech is curt, it is rude as a result of being very quick.

(He sent a .........., one-sentence letter of resignation to the mayor.)

broad-minded (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

Willing to accept many different types of behaviour, beliefs, or choices in other people.

(And the desire for understanding is the first step toward a more inclusive and.................future.)

unprincipled (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

Having or showing no moral rules or standards of good behaviour.

(It is unpalatable that a company should behave in such an .......... way and not tell us what more we are to suffer.)

permissive (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

A person or society that is permissive allows behaviour that other people might disapprove of.

(It's a very .......... school where the children are allowed to do whatever they want.)

inquiring (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

(of someone's behaviour) always wanting to learn new things, or (of someone's expression) wanting to know something.

(It seems now surprising that vague counting by generations should so long have prevailed and satisfied the wants of ............... men, and that so simple, precise and seemingly obvious a plan as counting by years, the largest natural division of time, did not occur to any investigator before Eratosthenes.)

inquisitive (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

Wanting to discover as much as you can about things, sometimes in a way that annoys people.

(The extensive list of references and bibliography given by both authors provide enough material for any .......................... reader to pursue this field of research.)

nosy (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

Too interested in what other people are doing and wanting to discover too much about them.

(Trixie loves nothing more than gossiping with her fellow colleagues and is quite .................... when it comes to other people's business.)

extravagant (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

Extreme and unreasonable.

(What, in particular, was the diet of national leaders who introduced sumptuary laws, to prevent.................... expenditure on food and wine?)

ambitious (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

Having a strong wish to be successful, powerful, or rich.

(If the ministers are both very ......................., nothing (including reshuffles) deters them from spending as much as possible.)

pushy (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

Behaving in an unpleasant way by trying too much to get something or to make someone do something.

(European funding programmes are probably for those who are ........................., articulate and can afford consultants; such people will find their way through these programmes.)

aggressive (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

Behaving in an angry and violent way towards another person.

(Disorganized infant attachment classification and maternal psychosocial problems as predictors of hostile - ................. behavior in the preschool classroom.)

bossy (adj)

Sub-topic: Character.

A bossy person is always telling people what to do.

(Socially she could be.........................and unperceptive, but also extremely hospitable and generous in relation to friends and family.)

thinly diguised (adj)

Sub-topic: Personality and behaviour.

Barely hidden.

(He had a very thinly .......... dislike of the music industry and the prople in it)

stubborn streak

Sub-topic: Personality and behaviour.

A stubborn strike to one's character.

(He had a real .......... that made him unpopular with managers and agents.)

gruff exterior

Sub-topic: Personality and behaviour.

Rude and unfriendly.

(Despite his .........., Volpe had just the right touch to maintain the Met's traditions.)

sharp wit

Sub-topic: Personality and behaviour.

Very amusing in a clever way.

(His many friends remember his sharp .......... and many stories and will miss him.)

downright

Sub-topic: Personality and behaviour.

(especially of something bad) extremely or very great.

(The working conditions are unhealthy, if not .......... (= and probably extremely) dangerous.)

pent-up anger

Sub-topic: Personality and behaviour.

Anger one doesn't express.

(He always seemed full of .......... towards the world in general.)

forthright

Sub-topic: Personality and behaviour.

Direct.

(He says with a hint of anguish that more than literates, it is the so-called illiterates who are ......................... and capable of accepting challenges.)

open hostility

Sub-topic: Personality and behaviour.

Something is accepted widely.

(Officials have treated sex education and other preventative programs with .......... .)

boundless (adj)

Sub-topic: Personality and behaviour.

Having no limit.

(The tenants, in attending to the ' body's insistence on meaning ', organise their home community so that it is informed by mutual aid and .................... care.)

bubbly (adj)

Sub-topic: Personality and behaviour.

(especially of a woman or girl) attractively full of energy and enthusiasm.

(Her...................... personality plus her perceptive understanding of local issues mean that Liz is a natural on the airwaves..)

dazzling (adj)

Sub-topic: Personality and behaviour.

Extremely attractive or exciting.

(Complete the look with flowers or a brooch at the lapel and a smart hat - you'll be ................. !)

bear a resemblance to sb/st

Sub-topic: Personality and behaviour.

Look very much like sb/st.

(These prices bear ......... the ones I saw printed in the newspaper.)

look one's age

Sub-topic: Personality and behaviour.

Look as old as one is.

(With all these gray hairs, I'm really starting to look my .......................)

act one's age

Sub-topic: Personality and behaviour.

Behave in a manner expected of one's age.

(When you start acting ...................... —instead of like a five year-old—we'll let you use the car.)