Kines Quiz 7

bike friendly community characteristics

bike lanes/trails/shoulders, driver behavior/awareness, community support

does advocacy work?

does not have a strong correlation to biking/walking more

bike friendly = healthier or unhealthier

healthier

types of riders

strong and fearless, enthused and confident, interested but concerned

strong and fearless rider

highly confident, comfortable riding w/ vehicle traffic w/ no bike lanes

enthused and confident rider

prefer protected but will go on unprotected if needed

interested but concerned riders

ride only in calm areas

how much of the US are interested but concerned riders

more than ½ US population

top cyclist complaint

incomplete streets (too few bikeways)

europe has more or less bike-ped travel

more: Netherlands=bike and Germany=walk

Europe has more or less deaths

way less deaths

Biking vs fatality rates

more biking = less fatality

bikes and transit

supports longer trips, economical, first and last mile issues

bike short term parking

shoppers, diners and visitors; people will look for closest and most convenient parking

• prioritize visibility and proximity

biking long term parking

employess, tenants; security and shelter important

good bike parking qualities

support bike in 2 spots, lock frame and 1 wheel, securely anchored to ground, resistant to damage, slots for all bike types

sharrow

a pavement road marking consisting of a bicycle symbol paired with two chevron arrows above it

Chicago bike lanes installed

bike lanes more effective than sharrows, decrease in injuries

no infrastructure almost as effective as sharrows or more

less injuries than with sharrows, sharrows slightly larger increase in commuting

types of protection

jersey barriers, parking spots, plantar boxes, bollards, flex posts, parked cars

2 way protected

type of bike lane

contraflow bike lane

converts a one-way traffic street into a two-way traffic street (one direction = motor vehicles and bikes, other direction = bikes only)

buffered bike lane

painted lines (no physical barrier)

shared-use path or trail (safest, more expensive, more space)

for pedestrians and cyclists; separated from motorized traffic by open space or barrier

conventional bike lane

marginally safer than nothing, risks from many directions

bike friendly city example

Davis, CA (20-25% trips made by bicycle)

environment barriers to PA for children

 Decreased opportunities for PA at and after school

 Reduced walking to and from school

 Urban design that discourages PA and walking

 Competition for leisure time with sedentary activities

children trends

decrease in walking/biking to school

most consistent correlates of PA

land use mix, residential desnity; access to green spaces; cycling infrastructure

Active transportation to school

major decline in students walking or biking to school, increase in car transport

correlates of active commuting

neg: no lights/crossings, busy road barrier, steep hill, distance

pos: good connectivity, less than ½ mile

new trend: school streets

a road outside a school with a temporary restriction on motorized traffic at school drop-off and pick-up times; safer and healthier

traffic gardens/playgrounds

small-scale parks laid out like streetscapes

older adult trends

decrease in travel via private vehicles and increase in public transit; walking = second most common

age walk/bike trends

16-24 most likely to walk

are older adults more likely to walk or bike

walk

Older adult active travel trends (biking)

contributed to surge in bike participation (55 and older trips have trippled)

Declining health associated with aging is a factor associated with

less active travel

The neighborhood physical environment and active travel in older adults

Positive associations: residential density/urbanization, walkability, street connectivity, land-use mix

negative associations: Littering/vandalism/decay

Active Aging

promotes the vision of all individuals

poverty in USA

11.5%

Active Travel Participation- Race/Ethnicity

Asian alone (walk)

hispanic/latino (bike)

race with most fatalities in walking/biking

NH white

Income trends w/ walk/bike

walk/bike most = <$10,000

walk/bike least = $100,000-$199,000

fatality rates

people die while walking at much higher rates in lower-income communities (3-36K)

active travel participation - residential location

city = highest walking/biking

outside metro = lowest walking/biking

PA environment in low income neighborhoods

• Crime, traffic, and unsafe playground equipment

• Less likely to participate in organized sports

• less time being active during PE classes and are less likely to have recess

what can we measure

transportation variables, neighborhood type, accessibility

transportation variables

 % of network that is a grid

 Street density

 Presence of sidewalks or bike paths

 Average sidewalk width

Neighborhood Type

 Traditional vs. suburban

 Pedestrian oriented vs. auto oriented

Accessibility

 Access

 Convenience to facilities

 PA related opportunities

 Places to exercise or walk

Walkscore

measures the walkability of any address using a patented system (distance to amenities)

how do we measure

surveys, audits, objective methods

Challenges & Limitations in this Area

 Perceptions don’t always equal reality

 Very complex

 Hard to analyze the data

community

group of people with shared values and institutions; geographically defined, share informal social norms

community based approaches

target larger population, mass media, work with entire community

components of community based approaches

cater to dif ability levels, provide social support, educate and inform

appeals of community interventions

won’t have to think about it

drawbacks of community interventions

cost and complexity

increasing PA: community wide campaigns

recommended

increasing PA: stand alone mass media campaigns

insufficient evidence

increasing PA: mass media and health related

recommended

increasing PA: classroom education

not recommended

social marketing

program planning process promoting the voluntary behavior of the target audience

the 4 P’s

product, price, place and promotion

NFL play 60

encourage kids to be active 60 mins a day; reverse obesity

verb (9-13) (it’s what you do)- phase 1

get people aware of campaign

verb (9-13) (it’s what you do)- phase 2

focus on increasing opportunities and access

verb effectiveness- 1 year

74% aware of campaign and PA increased

verb effectiveness- 2 years

PA increased, those aware of campaign had more PA than those unaware, positive social influences

small steps

healthy is not impossible if you take one small step at a time; used humor

everyday choices

Targets African-American women, who, as a group, are at particularly high risk for those diseases related to lifestyle

move your way

CDC developed Toolkit for dissemination- basic information on PA

this girl can

women in UK, celebrate active women

Targeting Influencers: Moving Medicine

UK for Primary Care providers; more comfortable with prescribing PA to their patients