Unit 10: Materials Used in Daily Life - Acids, Bases, Salts, and Indicators

Vocabulary flashcards covering acids, bases, alkalis, salts, chemical indicators, and chemical safety based on Unit 10 lecture notes.

Acid

A substance that produces hydrogen ions ($H^+$) when dissolved in water.

Properties of Acids

Characteristics including having a sour taste, turning blue litmus red, reacting with some metals to produce hydrogen gas, reacting with bases to form salt and water, and being corrosive in some cases.

Hydrochloric Acid ($HCl$)

An acid found in the stomach.

Acetic Acid

An acid found in vinegar.

Citric Acid

An acid found in lemons and oranges.

Carbonic Acid

An acid found in carbonated drinks.

Sulphuric Acid ($H_2SO_4$)

An acid used in batteries and industries.

Base

A substance that can neutralize an acid and generally produces $OH^-$ ions in water.

Properties of Bases

Characteristics including usually tasting bitter, feeling slippery/soapy, turning red litmus blue, reacting with acids to form salt and water, and being corrosive when strong.

Calcium Hydroxide ($Ca(OH)_2$)

A chemical compound that serves as an example of a base.

Alkali

Bases that are soluble in water, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and ammonium hydroxide.

Relationship Between Alkalis and Bases

The rule stating that every alkali is a base, but every base is not necessarily an alkali.

Salt

A compound generally formed when an acid reacts with a base.

Copper Sulphate ($CuSO_4$)

A salt used as an insecticide or fungicide.

Ammonium Sulphate

A salt used as a fertilizer.

Indicator

A substance that changes colour to show whether a solution is acidic, basic, or neutral.

Blue Litmus

An indicator that turns red in an acid and remains blue in a base.

Red Litmus

An indicator that remains red in an acid and turns blue in a base.

Methyl Orange

An indicator that turns red in an acid and yellow in a base.

Phenolphthalein

An indicator that is colourless in an acid and turns pink in a base.

Neutralization

The reaction between an acid and a base to produce salt and water.

Safety Rule for Unknown Chemicals

Never identify an unknown chemical by tasting it.