unit 1 conciousness

consciousness

the state of being aware of and able to precive ones thoughts feelings sensations and surroundings. it involves various levels from alert wakefulness to alerted states such as sleep or meditation

circadian rhythm

the natual internal process that regulates the sleep wake cycle and repeats roughly every 24 hours

jet lag

temporary disruption of the body’s circadian rhythms due to rapid travel across multiple times zones. It can result in fatigue, sleep disturbances, and difficulty concentrating as the body adjusts to the new time zone

shift work

employment schedules that require working outside of typical daytime hours, often disrupting the body’s natural circadian rhythm. It can lead to sleep disturbances fatigue, and increased risk of health problems due to the mismatch between work hours and the body’s internal clock

NREM stage 1

first stage of non rapid eye movements sleep characterized by drifting in and out of sleep lasting only a few minutes brain waves slow down and might get hypnic jerks N

NREM stage 2

the second stage of non rapid eye movement sleep characterized by light sleep, lasting about 20 minutes( sleep spindles and k complexes)

NREM stage 3

the deepest stage of non rapid eye movement sleep characterized by the presence of predominantly Delta waves

REM sleep

stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements vivid dreams and muscle paralysis

Rem rebound

the phenomenon where the body increases the time spent in Rem sleep after a period of Rem deprivation

Activation synthesis ( dreams )

a theory proposing that dreams are the result of random neural activity in the brain stem during rem sleep which is then interpreted and synthesized by the cerebral cortex into a narrative or story

consolidation theory ( dreams)

theory suggesting that dreams play a role in the memory consolidation and processing of memories. During sleeping the brain organized

insomnia

sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleepm or experiencing restorative sleep, leading to daytime impairment such as fatigue, mood disturbances and decraesed cognitive function

narcolepsy

sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness sudden episodes of music,e weakness ect

sleep apnea

you stop breathing when you sleep

REm sleep behavior disorder

individuals physically act it their dreams during REM sleep potentially causing injury to themselves or others die to loss of muscle paralysis

Sommanmbulism

sleep disorder commonly known as sleepwalking

psychoactive drugs

substances that alter brain function leading to changes in perception mood consciousness cognition or behavior

psychoactive drugs

substances that alter brain function leading to changes in perception mood consciousness cognition or behavior

agonists

substances that bind to neurotransmitter receptors and mimic their effects enhancing neural activity

antagonists

substances that bind to neurotransmitter receptors without activating them blocking the effects of neurotransmitterse

reuptake inhibitors

medications that block the reabsorption of neurotransmitters by the sending neuron thereby increasing the concentration of neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft and enhancing neurotransmission

stimulants

drugs that increase neural activity and arousall leading to heightened alretness attention and energy levels

caffeine

actso n the central nervouse system increasing alertness and reducing fatigue by blocking the neurotransmitter adenosine

cocaine

a powerful stimulant derviced from the coca plant increases neural activity leading to euphoria increased energy and alertness it blocks the reuptake of dopamine serotonin and norepinephrine

depressants

drugs that slow down neural activity and bodily functions they induce relaxation sedation and can lower inhibitions

alcohol

depressant drug that slows down neural activity In the central nervouse system. it can impair judgment coordination and cognitive function leadingin to relaxation

hallucinogens

drugs that alter perception mood and cognitive processes often causing hallucinations or profound changes in consciousness

marijuana

psychoative drug derived from the cannabis plant it contains THC which alters mood perception and cognition effects include relaxation altered perception of time and heightened sensory experiences

opiods

psychoactive drugs that act on opiods receptors in the brain and body producing pain relief euphoria and sedation

heroin

highly addictive drug derived from morphine it produces intese euphoria pain relief and sedation by binding opioid receptors in the brain

tolerance

a condition where increasing amounts of a psychoactive substance are needed to achieve the same effects it occurs due to the brains adaption to the drug leading to reduced sensityvitss to its effects

withdrawal

the onset symptoms when a person stops using a psychoactive substance after prolonged use

addiction

a chronic brain disorder characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use despite harmful consequences