IM - Marketing and Logistics

International marketing

The process of identifying, anticipating, and satisfying customer needs in international markets, adapting the product, price, place, and promotion to each country.

International logistics

The management of the flow of goods, information, and money from source to destination across national borders, including transport, warehousing, and inventory control.

Product adaptation

Adjusting a product's features, packaging, or branding to suit the cultural preferences and regulations of a foreign market.

Standardization strategy

Using one standard marketing approach across all countries with little or no changes to the product or promotion.

International pricing

The practice of setting prices for a product in a foreign market based on local demand, competition, costs, and tariffs.

Tariff

Charges imposed by a government on goods crossing its national borders, which raise the landed cost of imported products.

Incoterms

Shipping terms that define the responsibilities, costs, and risks borne by buyers and sellers during international transport of goods.

Freight transportation mode

The choice of transport modes such as sea, air, rail, or road used to move products between countries efficiently.