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buprenorphine
partial mu opioid receptor agonist with high receptor affinity but lower efficacy than full opioid agonists
methacholine MOA
muscarinic receptor agonist
mimics acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors (bronchial smooth muscle)
methacholine primary indication
used to diagnose asthma
botulinum toxin
prevent presympathetic acetylcholine release by disrupting vesicle fusion
reduces cholinergic transmission
Prazosin
competitive alpha 1 adrenergic antagonist
reduces alpha 1 mediated smooth muscle contraction
vasodilation
relaxation of urinary outflow smooth muscle
Dobutamine
beta 1 adrenergic agonist
increase cardiac contractility and CO
Propranolol
nonselective B1/B2 adrenergic antagonist
blocks sympathetic beta receptor effects, including cardiac stimulation
Yohimbine
alpha 2 adrenergic antagonist
blocks presynaptic alpha 2 autoreceptors
removes negative feedback on NE release
increases NE signaling