Model 3 of science

Epidemiology

The study of when and where diseases occur in human populations, focusing on determining who develops disease and aiming for prevention or control of illness.

Descriptive Epidemiology: Time

Refers to when the disease or health-related state occurs, using various time frames such as years, months, weeks, or days.

Descriptive Epidemiology: Place

Refers to where the disease or health-related state occurs, considering aspects such as natural, built, occupational, and socioeconomic environments.

Descriptive Epidemiology: Person

Characteristics of persons affected by the disease, including age, sex/gender, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, occupation, and educational status.

Health Status Indicators (HSIs)

Measurements of a population's health and disease burden, used to identify problems, evaluate prevention effectiveness, and monitor trends.

Life Expectancy

The average number of years a person from a specific cohort is projected to live from a given point in time.

HALE (Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy)

The number of years of healthy life expected, on average, in a given population.

DALYs (Disability Adjusted Life Years)

A measure that includes both premature death and loss of healthy life resulting from illness and disability, representing the sum of individual lost years.

Incidence Rate

Measure of new cases of a disease occurring during a specified period in a population at risk for developing that disease.

Prevalence Rate

Measures the total number of existing cases of a disease present at a particular time in a given population.

Cause-specific Mortality Rate

Measure of the deaths from a given cause in a population during a specific year.

Infant Mortality Rate

Measure of deaths of babies aged from birth to 364 days old in a given year relative to the total number of live births that year.

Maternal Mortality Rate

Measures the death of women from pregnancy and birth-related causes in a given year relative to the total number of live births that year.

Morbidity Rates

Rates that measure disease cases at a given time in a population, including incidence and prevalence.

Epidemiological Rates

Measures of health-related states or events in a given population, expressed as 'per unit of the population', allowing for meaningful comparisons.

Crude Birth Rate

live births in a given year per total # people in the population at midyear.

Mortality Rate

Rate used to measure the occurrence of deaths in a population during a specific time frame.