beatles midterm 1 lol

Lonnie Donegan

Pioneer of the UK Skiffle craze

Elvis Presley

Musical hero and influence for the Beatles, covered Presley's I Got a Woman

Chuck Berry

Musical hero and influence for the Beatles, covered Berry’s Roll Over Beethoven

Little Richard

Rock and roll pioneer and mentor to the Beatles; covered Richard's Long Tall Sally

Ray Charles

Musical influence and collaborator of the Beatles; covered Charle’s I Got a Woman

The Quarrymen

John's skiffle group founded in 1957, Paul joined later in 1957, and George joined in 1958.

Stuart Sutcliffe

John's friend from art school who suggested the name "Beetles"

Pete Best

Early drummer for the Beatles, replaced by Ringo Starr in 1962. His mother Mona Best was an early manager for the Beatles

Rory Storm and the Hurricanes

Liverpool group Ringo Starr was in before joining the Beatles

Klaus Voormann, Jürgen Vollmer, Astrid Kirchherr

German art students who were early fans, influenced the Beatles' visual style and iconic mop top hair.

Brain Epstein

Manager of the Beatles

George Martin

Primary producer who helped shaped the Beatles' sound

The Shirelles, The Cookies, and The Marvelettes

Musical influences; early songs covered by the Beatles' (Boys, Chains, Please Mr. Postman)

Berry Gordy

Founder of Motown records; Beatles covered many Motown artists

Smokey Robinson

Vocal influence for the Beatles'

Maureen Cleave

Journalist who helped contextualize Beatlemania

Princess Marageret

Beatles performed in front of her

Robert Freeman

Photographer responsible for the With the Beatles and Meet the Beatles covers

The Maysles Brothers

Documentary filmmakers who document the Beatles' first trip to the US in 1964

Richard Lester

Director of A Hard Day's Night film

Ed Sullivan

Sullivan’s TV Broadcast launched the Beatles’ into US stardom

Decca Records

Rejected Beatles’ audition in 1962

EMI/Parlophone Records

Beatles' signed to this record label

Vee-Jay & Capitol Records

US record labels that fought to release Beatles’ music in the US

Radio Luxembourg & the BBC

Broadcast channels for the Beatles during their rise to fame

Constraints

The things happening outside of music, including cultural, historical, economic, technological, and educational

Play space

A collection of constraints forming a musical environment

Composter

Makes musical work using elements of music

Performer

Performs music work, applies their own performance style

Listener

Interprets performance, generates an experience based on personal associations

Liverpool

The Beatles' birthplace and hometown, shaped their musical identity

Hamburg

From 1960 to 1962, the Beatles’ logged over 1,000 hours of live performanes across clubs.

The Cavern Club

Liverpool underground cellar club where the Beatles played nearly 300 shows.

Tea-chest bass and washboard

Improvised instruments part of the Skiffle genre

Beat

A regular, steady pulse

Meter

Beat organized into groups

Rhythm

Specific patterns of long and short durations

Pitch

A specific sound frequency

Melody

A particular pattern of pitches

Harmony

Different pitches sounding at the same timeows.

Texture

How musical parts relate to each other

Timbre

The character of a sound (Tone color)

Back beat

Rhythmic accent on the second and fourth beat on a 4/4 measure

Strophic Form

Song structure where the melody, rhythm, and harmonic composition are repeated

Bridge

A contrasting section of the song to break the repetition of verses and choruses

Refrain

A line or short group of lines that repeats regularly, usually before or after a verse

Chorus

Main, repeating section of a song that delivers a message

Overdub

Recording new instruments or vocals over a previously recorded track

Mono

One audio channel

Stereo

Left and right audio channel

Paratext

Visual, written, contextual elements that surround a musical work.