Present Tense Spanish

present indicative

present tense used for actions facts habits and states

infinitive

basic unconjugated form of a verb

conjugation

changing a verb to match its subject

verb stem

part of the verb left after removing ar er or ir

verb ending

letters added to a verb stem to match the subject

regular verb

verb that follows the normal conjugation pattern

irregular verb

verb that does not completely follow the normal conjugation pattern

subject

person or thing performing the action

yo

I

tu

you informal singular

el

he

ella

she

usted

you formal singular

nosotros

we masculine or mixed

nosotras

we feminine

vosotros

you all informal masculine or mixed

vosotras

you all informal feminine

ellos

they masculine or mixed

ellas

they feminine

ustedes

you all

third person singular

form used with el ella and usted

third person plural

form used with ellos ellas and ustedes

AR verb

verb whose infinitive ends in ar

ER verb

verb whose infinitive ends in er

IR verb

verb whose infinitive ends in ir

AR yo ending

o

AR tu ending

as

AR el ella usted ending

a

AR nosotros ending

amos

AR vosotros ending

ais

AR ellos ellas ustedes ending

an

ER yo ending

o

ER tu ending

es

ER el ella usted ending

e

ER nosotros ending

emos

ER vosotros ending

eis

ER ellos ellas ustedes ending

en

IR yo ending

o

IR tu ending

es

IR el ella usted ending

e

IR nosotros ending

imos

IR vosotros ending

is

IR ellos ellas ustedes ending

en

regular AR conjugation

remove ar and add the correct ar ending

regular ER conjugation

remove er and add the correct er ending

regular IR conjugation

remove ir and add the correct ir ending

stem changing verb

verb whose stem vowel changes in certain present tense forms

boot verb

another name for a stem changing verb

boot pattern

stem changes in every form except nosotros and vosotros

nosotros stem changer rule

nosotros usually keeps the original stem vowel

vosotros stem changer rule

vosotros usually keeps the original stem vowel

e to ie stem change

e in the stem changes to ie

o to ue stem change

o in the stem changes to ue

e to i stem change

e in the stem changes to i

multiple e rule

when an e to ie verb has more than one e the last stem e usually changes

pensar

to think e to ie stem changer

pienso

I think

piensas

you think

piensa

he she or you formal thinks

pensamos

we think

pensais

you all think

piensan

they or you all think

entender

to understand e to ie stem changer

entiendo

I understand

entiendes

you understand

entiende

he she or you formal understands

entendemos

we understand

entendeis

you all understand

entienden

they or you all understand

tener

to have e to ie stem changer with irregular yo form

venir

to come e to ie stem changer with irregular yo form

acertar

to guess correctly e to ie stem changer

advertir

to advise or warn e to ie stem changer

apretar

to squeeze or tighten e to ie stem changer

ascender

to go up or promote e to ie stem changer

atravesar

to cross e to ie stem changer

cerrar

to close e to ie stem changer

comenzar

to begin e to ie stem changer

confesar

to confess e to ie stem changer

consentir

to consent e to ie stem changer

convertir

to convert e to ie stem changer

defender

to defend e to ie stem changer

descender

to descend e to ie stem changer

empezar

to begin e to ie stem changer

encender

to light or turn on e to ie stem changer

encerrar

to lock in e to ie stem changer

fregar

to scrub or wash dishes e to ie stem changer

gobernar

to govern e to ie stem changer

hervir

to boil e to ie stem changer

mentir

to lie e to ie stem changer

negar

to deny e to ie stem changer

pensar en

to think about

perder

to lose e to ie stem changer

preferir

to prefer e to ie stem changer

querer

to want wish or love e to ie stem changer

quebrar

to break e to ie stem changer

recomendar

to recommend e to ie stem changer

referir

to refer e to ie stem changer

sentir

to feel or regret e to ie stem changer

sugerir

to suggest e to ie stem changer