Exam

Rio Pact

A regional defense alliance with 18 other nations in the Western Hemisphere.

Federal Employee Loyalty Program

Investigation of all new employees hired by the federal government.

McCarthyism

Aggressive exposure to communist influences in America and the people who protect them.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

An alliance of democratic states to defend Western Europe against Soviet attacks.

Alger Hiss

Soviet spy exposed in the Venona files.

Collective Security

An armed attack against one or more will be considered an attack against them all.

Berlin Airlift

Operation to supply West Berlin during the Soviet blockade through the air.

Containment

U.S. strategy to prevent the spread of communism.

John Foster Dulles

Secretary of State known for his harsh anti-communism and brinkmanship.

Warsaw Pact

Military alliance of communist nations established in 1955.

Iron Curtain

Division between East and West Germany to separate communist and non-communist parts of Europe.

Joseph McCarthy

Senator who became the face of anti-communism and made numerous accusations against government officials.

Sputnik

The first artificial satellite to orbit the earth, launched by the Soviets.

Deterrence

Policy of making military power so strong that no enemy would dare to attack for fear of retaliation.

Chosin Reservoir

A man-made lake in North Korea; site of a major battle where U.S. forces won against Chinese armies.

Eisenhower Doctrine

U.S. commitment to use force to safeguard independence of Middle Eastern countries against communism.

Brinkmanship

The practice of pursuing dangerous policies to the limits of safety before stopping.

Mao Zedong

Leader of the Chinese communists who supplied North Korea during the Korean War.

Arms Race

Struggle to achieve superiority in weapons.

U-2 spy plane

A high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft used for spying.

Truman Doctrine

U.S. policy to support countries resisting communist influence.

Venona Files

Declassified information about Soviet espionage, released in 1995.

Gary Powers

CIA pilot sentenced for espionage after the U-2 incident.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

Agency to oversee the American space program and compete with the Soviets.

Helicopters

First used in the Korean War, primarily for support, not combat.