Unit2 Hello

An object made by humans, especially one of historical value

artifact / artefact — “The archaeologists uncovered an artifact dating back thousands of years.” — تحفة / قطعة أثرية

Not connected to the internet or a network

offline — “The application remains functional offline when no internet connection is available.” — غير متصل

The use of machines or technology to perform tasks automatically

automation — “Automation has transformed manufacturing by reducing the need for repetitive manual tasks.” — التشغيل الآلي

Connected to the internet or a computer network

online — “Students can access the updated learning materials online from any location.” — متصل

A wire used to connect electronic devices or systems

cable — “The technician replaced the damaged cable before restarting the system.” — كابل التوصيل

A cooperative relationship between people or organizations

partnership — “The two companies formed a partnership to develop renewable energy solutions.” — شراكة

To supply a device with electrical energy

charge — “Users must charge the device regularly to ensure uninterrupted operation.” — يشحن بالطاقة

The amount of useful work produced within a given period

productivity — “The new system increased productivity without requiring additional staff.” — الإنتاجية

To cause something to develop, increase, or move forward

drive — “Technological advances continue to drive economic growth across several industries.” — يقود / يعزز

To click the right button on a computer mouse

right-click — “Right-click the file to access the available options.” — ينقر على الزر الأيمن

A program that allows a computer to communicate with a device

driver — “The technician installed the correct driver before connecting the printer.” — ملف التعريف

Highly developed, complex, or precise

sophisticated — “The laboratory uses sophisticated equipment to analyze microscopic samples.” — متطور / دقيق

A family or line of rulers who govern a country over a period

dynasty — “The dynasty left behind monuments that reveal the wealth of its civilization.” — أسرة حاكمة / سلالة حاكمة

Deeply influenced or filled with a particular quality, culture, or tradition

steeped in — “The region is steeped in traditions that have survived for centuries.” — غني بـ / غارق في

To improve the quality, value, or effectiveness of something

enhance — “The software update was designed to enhance security and improve performance.” — يحسن / يعزز / يقوي

To identify and solve problems in a machine or system

troubleshoot — “Engineers were called in to troubleshoot the system after repeated failures.” — يحدد المشكلة ويعالجها

A machine used to separate cotton fibers from seeds

gin — “The invention of the cotton gin greatly increased the speed of processing cotton.” — محلج القطن

A state in which immediate action is necessary

urgency — “The growing demand for clean water has created a sense of urgency among policymakers.” — أهمية / ضرورة ملحة

The basic work or preparation needed before something can develop

groundwork — “The researchers spent months laying the groundwork for the experiment.” — أساس / أرضية

A particular form or edition of something

version — “The latest version of the software includes several improvements.” — نسخة / إصدار

The basic systems and structures needed for a society or organization to function

infrastructure — “Reliable infrastructure is essential for supporting long-term economic development.” — البنية التحتية

A group of people born and living around the same period

generation — “The new generation has grown up with technology integrated into daily life.” — جيل

A simple device used to lift, move, or control something

lever — “The operator pulled the lever to activate the mechanical system.” — مقبض / رافعة

Developed beyond an ordinary or basic level

advanced — “The university provides students with access to advanced research facilities.” — متطور

Of the highest quality or as good as possible

perfect — “The researchers continued testing because the prototype was not yet perfect.” — رائع / مثالي

The practice of cultivating crops and raising animals

agriculture — “Modern agriculture increasingly depends on technology to improve efficiency and conserve water.” — الزراعة

Extremely important in determining an outcome

pivotal — “The discovery played a pivotal role in changing scientists’ understanding of the disease.” — محوري / رئيسي

A scientist who studies human history through physical remains

archaeologist — “The archaeologist examined the site for evidence of an ancient settlement.” — عالم آثار

Strength, authority, or influence over people or events

power — “Access to reliable information can give communities greater power to make informed decisions.” — قوة / سلطة / نفوذ

To give reasons for or against an idea

argue — “Some researchers argue that automation will fundamentally change the nature of work.” — يفترض / يجادل

A formal talk in which information is presented to an audience

presentation — “Her presentation examined the impact of automation on modern industries.” — عرض تقديمي

Made by humans rather than occurring naturally

artificial — “The researchers developed an artificial environment to test the system under controlled conditions.” — اصطناعي / مصطنع

Kept in its original or existing condition

preserved — “The ancient documents were carefully preserved to protect them from further damage.” — يحافظ على

To combine different things into one mixture or whole

blend — “The design successfully blends traditional methods with modern technology.” — يمزج

To stop something from happening

prevent — “Regular maintenance can prevent minor faults from becoming serious problems.” — يمنع

To convert a process or system so that it uses computers

computerize — “The company plans to computerize its records to improve access and efficiency.” — يحوسب

Businesses and organizations owned and controlled by individuals rather than the government

private sector — “Investment from the private sector can accelerate technological development.” — القطاع الخاص

A series of actions or a method used to achieve a result

process — “The manufacturing process requires careful monitoring at every stage.” — عملية / يعالج

Linked or joined to something else

connected — “The devices remain connected to the network throughout the testing process.” — مرتبط

In a suitable, correct, or appropriate way

properly — “The equipment must be installed properly before it can be used.” — بشكل مناسب

A skilled occupation involving practical work

craft — “Traditional craft techniques have been passed down through several generations.” — مهنة / حرفة

A sloping surface used to move between different levels

ramp — “The building includes a ramp to provide access for people using wheelchairs.” — منحدر

To cease to be visible or to no longer exist

disappear — “Some traditional methods may disappear as newer technologies become widespread.” — يختفي

Happening or moving with great speed

rapid — “The rapid development of artificial intelligence has created new challenges for education.” — سريع

Related to the design, construction, and use of machines or structures

engineering — “Engineering plays a central role in developing solutions to complex environmental problems.” — هندسي / الهندسة

Able to be naturally replaced or replenished

renewable — “Governments are investing in renewable energy to reduce dependence on fossil fuels.” — متجدد

A particular period in history or development

era — “The invention of the internet marked the beginning of a new era of communication.” — حقبة / عصر

To take the place of something or someone

replace — “The company decided to replace outdated machinery with more efficient equipment.” — يحل محل

Extremely interesting and capable of holding attention

fascinating — “The museum contains a fascinating collection of artifacts from ancient civilizations.” — رائع / خلاب

A person or thing that takes the place of another

replacement — “The damaged component was removed and sent for replacement.” — بديل

Thin threads or strands that form materials such as cloth

fibers — “Natural fibers can be processed into materials used in clothing and industry.” — ألياف

Admiration for someone or something, or to treat someone with consideration

respect — “The researchers showed great respect for the cultural significance of the archaeological site.” — احترام / يحترم

Physical or emotional damage, or to cause such damage

harm — “Excessive exposure to certain chemicals can cause serious harm to the environment.” — يضر / ضرر

To need something as necessary for a particular purpose

require — “The complex procedure requires specialized equipment and trained personnel.” — يتطلب / يستلزم

The underlying basis on which something is built or developed

foundation — “A strong scientific foundation is essential for understanding more advanced concepts.” — أساس

To start a machine or system again after it has stopped

restart — “The technician had to restart the system after installing the updated software.” — يعيد تشغيل

Related to industry, factories, or large-scale production

industrial — “Industrial development has transformed the economic structure of many regions.” — صناعي

A major and often sudden change in society, technology, or politics

revolution — “The Industrial Revolution transformed production, transportation, and urban life.” — ثورة

A planned action intended to solve a problem or achieve a goal

initiative — “The government launched an initiative to promote renewable energy in rural areas.” — مبادرة

To change something radically or fundamentally

revolutionize — “Automation has the potential to revolutionize the way many industries operate.” — يُحدث تغييراً جذرياً

A new idea, method, or technology that improves something

innovation — “Innovation is essential for developing technologies that address emerging global challenges.” — ابتكار

To make a comment or observation about something

remark — “The scientist remarked that the results required further investigation.” — يلاحظ

The artificial supply of water to land used for growing crops

irrigation — “Efficient irrigation can reduce water consumption while maintaining agricultural productivity.” — ري

A machine capable of performing tasks automatically or under human control

robot — “The factory introduced robots to perform repetitive tasks with greater precision.” — الروبوت

To control or use a machine, system, or device

operate — “Only trained technicians are authorized to operate the advanced machinery.” — يشغل جهاز

The process of examining something using a scanning device or method

scanning — “Medical scanning allowed doctors to identify the problem without invasive procedures.” — المسح

To give someone instructions or teach them how to do something

instruct — “The engineer was asked to instruct the workers on how to operate the new equipment.” — يأمر / يعطي تعليمات

Protected from danger, damage, or unauthorized access

secure — “The system stores sensitive information in a secure digital environment.” — آمن / سليم / محكم

The ability to learn, understand, and use knowledge

intelligence — “Human intelligence remains difficult to reproduce fully in artificial systems.” — الذكاء

Chosen from a group according to particular criteria

selected — “Only the most suitable candidates were selected for the research program.” — يختار / يحدد

A problem, subject, or matter that needs attention

issue — “The committee must address the issue before the project can proceed.” — قضية / مشكلة

Even, continuous, or without sudden changes or roughness

smooth — “The redesigned mechanism provides smooth movement while reducing unnecessary friction.” — سلس / سهل

Work, especially physical work, or the workers who perform it

labor / labour — “The project required skilled labor to complete the installation safely.” — عمل

Powered by energy obtained from sunlight

solar-powered — “The remote facility uses solar-powered equipment because it has no access to the electrical grid.” — يعمل بالطاقة الشمسية

Included in an official list or record

listed — “The artifacts are listed in the national register of protected historical sites.” — مُدرج بالقائمة

A particular point or phase in a process or development

stage — “The project has reached a stage where extensive testing is required.” — مرحلة

Not firmly fixed, attached, or held in place

loose — “The inspection revealed several loose components that could affect the machine’s performance.” — غير مثبت

Engines that use steam to generate mechanical power

steam engines — “Steam engines played a central role in the development of nineteenth-century transportation.” — محركات بخارية

Machines and equipment used for a particular purpose

machinery — “The factory replaced its outdated machinery to improve production efficiency.” — آلات

An object or device used to perform a particular task

tool — “The microscope is an essential tool for examining structures invisible to the naked eye.” — أداة

Work done to keep equipment in good working condition

maintenance — “Regular maintenance can prevent minor mechanical faults from becoming costly failures.” — حفاظ / صيانة

The movement of people or goods from one place to another

transportation — “Efficient transportation is essential for connecting remote communities with major economic centers.” — النقل

Remarkable things that inspire admiration or surprise

marvels — “The ancient structures remain technological marvels that continue to attract researchers.” — عجائب / إنجازات

Containing the most recent information or improvements

updated — “The researchers published an updated report after reviewing the latest evidence.” — مُحدث

A highly skilled or experienced person in a particular field

master — “The apprentice spent years studying under a master of traditional engineering.” — أستاذ / سيد

To tell someone about a possible danger or problem

warn — “Experts warned that ignoring the early signs could have serious consequences.” — يحذر

The branch of physics concerned with forces and motion

mechanics — “A solid understanding of mechanics is essential for designing reliable mechanical systems.” — علم الميكانيكا

Things that are remarkable and cause admiration or wonder

wonders — “The ancient monuments are among the wonders that demonstrate the achievements of early civilizations.” — عجائب

Extremely large, important, or impressive in scale or significance

monumental — “The construction of the bridge was a monumental engineering achievement.” — ضخم / أثري